河北省村镇银行小微企业信贷风险管理研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 12:44

本文选题：村镇银行 + 小微企业　；参考：《河北农业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：为从根本上解决农村地区面临的银行业金融机构网点覆盖率低、金融供给不足、竞争不充分以及农户与小微企业贷款难问题，银监会发布了《关于调整放宽农村地区银行业金融机构准入政策，更好支持社会主义新农村建设的若干意见》，村镇银行应运而生，但是作为专门服务“三农”和县域经济的的区域性中小银行，在其经营中面临着多种风险，由于信贷业务是其取得收益的主要来源，因此信贷风险是村镇银行经营过程中面临的最主要的风险。在当前外部环境下，信贷风险管理已经不仅仅是银行规避风险、对冲风险和收益的博弈术，更是一种保值增值的利益取得模式。对于村镇银行而言，在特殊的生存环境下，收益的取得与损失的大小，在相当程度上取决于村镇银行信贷风险管理的改进与提升。小微企业的纳税总值和生产价值在我国经济中占有重要地位，对促进我国国民经济发展和维护社会稳定起着至关重要的作用。自2011年9月，温州高利贷崩盘，大批老板“跑路”，小微企业的贷款问题又一次提上议程。小微企业融资难，自身存在很多原因，如财务制度不健全、财务信息失真、内源融资水平差、抵押担保能力不足等。作为立足县域，服务小微的村镇银行，缓解小微企业贷款难，进行小微企业信贷风险管理的研究十分必要。本文首先综合运用信息经济学、管理学、经济学、博弈论等对信贷风险管理理论进行分析，认为：村镇银行与小微企业之间天生存在着严重的信息不对称，导致双方在信贷业务中面临着“逆向选择”和“道德风险”，产生的不良后果主要有银行惜贷和小微企业骗贷。其次，根据村镇银行的界定和特征，分析村镇银行与其它面向农村的银行类金融机构关系，探讨了村镇银行的定位问题。从村镇银行面对县域小微企业的实际出发，分析村镇银行的业务特点和信用风险成因，研究了村镇银行信用风险产生的过程。最后，根据河北省村镇银行的经营管理现状和现有的贷款审查、风险控制方法，，阐述了传统信用评级方法和现代信用评级模型的局限，探讨河北省村镇银行应用这些模型的限制性条件，按照定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法，建立了基于层次分析法的模糊综合评价管理模型，设计出河北省村镇银行对小微企业信用评级的指标，提出了河北省村镇银行信用风险管理的各种具体措施。
[Abstract]:In order to fundamentally solve the problems of low network coverage of banking financial institutions in rural areas, inadequate financial supply, inadequate competition and difficulties in lending to farmers and small and micro enterprises, The CBRC issued several opinions on readjusting and relaxing the access policy of banking financial institutions in rural areas to better support the construction of a new socialist countryside, and village and town banks emerged as the times require. However, as a regional small and medium-sized bank specialized in serving the "three rural areas" and the county economy, it faces a variety of risks in its operation. Because the credit business is the main source of its income, Therefore, credit risk is the most important risk in the process of village bank operation. In the current external environment, credit risk management is not only a game technique of avoiding risk, hedging risk and income, but also a mode of interest acquisition. For village banks, under the special living environment, the size of income and loss depends to a certain extent on the improvement and promotion of credit risk management of village banks. The total tax value and production value of small and micro enterprises play an important role in the economy of our country and play a vital role in promoting the development of our national economy and maintaining social stability. Since September 2011, Wenzhou usury collapse, a large number of bosses "run the road", small and micro-enterprise loan again on the agenda. The financing of small and micro enterprises is difficult, there are many reasons, such as the financial system is not perfect, the financial information is distorted, the level of endogenous financing is poor, the ability of mortgage guarantee is insufficient, and so on. It is necessary to study the credit risk management of small and micro enterprises as a village bank based on county and serving small and micro enterprises to ease the difficulty of lending to small and micro enterprises. Firstly, this paper analyzes the credit risk management theory by using information economics, management science, economics and game theory, and points out that there is a serious information asymmetry between village banks and small and micro enterprises. As a result, both sides are faced with "adverse selection" and "moral hazard" in the credit business. The adverse consequences are mainly the reluctance of banks to lend and the fraud of small and micro enterprises. Secondly, according to the definition and characteristics of the village bank, this paper analyzes the relationship between the village bank and other banking institutions facing the countryside, and probes into the orientation of the village bank. Based on the fact that the village bank faces the county small and micro enterprises, this paper analyzes the business characteristics and the causes of the credit risk of the village bank, and studies the process of producing the credit risk of the village bank. Finally, according to the present situation of operation and management of village banks in Hebei Province and the existing loan review and risk control methods, the limitations of traditional credit rating methods and modern credit rating models are expounded. The restrictive conditions of applying these models to village banks in Hebei Province are discussed. According to the method of combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation management model based on AHP is established. The index of credit rating for small and micro enterprises by Hebei Village Bank is designed, and various concrete measures for credit risk management of Hebei Village Bank are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.4

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