信托财产破产隔离功能研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 17:10

本文选题：信托 + 信托财产　；参考：《西南政法大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代信托制度起源于英国，是指委托人出于对受托人的信任，将信托财产转移给受托人，由其为受益人利益或特定目的持有、管理运用、处分该财产的一种财产管理制度。作为英国人在法学领域取得的最伟大最杰出的成就，在数百年的发展过程中，逐渐形成了一套自身独具特色的理念和制度架构。然而，基于大陆法系与英美法系的法律文化差异，信托制度作为移植英美法系的舶来品，与我国具体实际情况的融合问题并未得到很好地解决，一直处于“水上浮油”的状态。其中，处于信托制度核心地位的信托财产在具体实践运用中也产生了一系列的困难。虽然，我国《信托法》对信托财产的独立性以及信托财产的破产隔离功能做了相关规定，但是生硬的将我国民法单一所有权制度覆盖于信托法律关系之上，必然会产生一系列实践性矛盾。我国信托法对信托财产的所有权归属用“委托给”这样的字眼简单带过，就使信托财产的所有权处于模糊的境地，也使得在我国现行法律制度下，信托财产破产隔离功能的实现存在一系列障碍和困境，如信托财产所有权归属不明确，信托财产独立性保障机制欠缺等。在我国司法实践之中，这些问题都亟待解决。本文试从明确信托财产所有权、建立和完善信托财产登记公示制度、健全信托财产破产隔离功能恶意适用的法律救济及相关法律制度的完善方面解决信托财产的破产隔离功能实现上的障碍问题，从而促使信托制度能够更好地发挥其优越的功能。本文除引言和结语外，，分为四个部分：第一部分为信托财产破产隔离功能概述。首先是对信托财产进行了概述，主要是界定了信托财产的含义、特性和范围；其次对信托财产破产隔离功能的基础理论进行了论述，主要是信托财产破产隔离功能的含义、特性，以及信托财产破产隔离功能产生的渊源和实现前提。第二部分为信托财产破产隔离功能的法律效果。首先对信托财产破产隔离与信托当事人即委托人、受托人和受益人的破产隔离效果进行了叙述；其次阐述了各信托当事人之债权人利益平衡问题。第三部分为我国信托财产制度的缺陷。首先是阐述了信托财产破产隔离功能在实践中难以实现的最主要的原因——信托财产的所有权归属不明问题；其次对信托财产登记制度的缺失包括过于严厉的登记生效主义、相关配套措施及持续公示制度的缺失等进行了叙述；再次对于实践中存在的恶意适用破产隔离功能问题进行了论述。第四部分为信托财产破产隔离功能相关制度的完善。首先应该明确信托财产的所有权归属于受托人，其次关于信托财产的登记制度应当采用登记对抗主义，再次对于恶意适用破产隔离功能的问题应该结合其他相关法律规定进行综合规制。
[Abstract]:The modern trust system originated in England is a kind of property management system in which the trustor transfers the trust property to the trustee for the benefit of the beneficiary or for a specific purpose to hold manage use and dispose of the property out of the trust of the trustee. As the greatest and most outstanding achievement of the British in the field of law, in the course of hundreds of years' development, it has gradually formed a set of its own unique idea and system structure. However, because of the difference of legal culture between the civil law system and the common law system, the trust system, as an import of the transplants of the common law system, has not been solved well with the actual situation of our country and has been in the state of "floating oil on the water". Among them, trust property in the core of the trust system has also produced a series of difficulties in practical application. Although the Trust Law of our country provides the independence of the trust property and the bankruptcy isolation function of the trust property, the sole ownership system of the civil law of our country covers the trust legal relationship. A series of practical contradictions will inevitably arise. The trust law of our country simply takes the word "entrusted to" for the ownership of the trust property, which makes the ownership of the trust property in a vague situation, and also makes the ownership of the trust property in the current legal system of our country. There are a series of obstacles and difficulties in realizing the function of trust property bankruptcy isolation, such as unclear ownership of trust property, lack of independent guarantee mechanism of trust property, etc. In the judicial practice of our country, these problems need to be solved urgently. This paper tries to establish and perfect the system of registering and publicizing trust property from the perspective of defining the ownership of trust property. Improve the trust property bankruptcy isolation function maliciously applicable legal relief and the improvement of relevant legal system to solve the trust property bankruptcy isolation function of obstacles to achieve, so as to promote the trust system can better play its superior function. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into four parts: The first part is an overview of trust property bankruptcy isolation function. Firstly, it summarizes the trust property, mainly defines the meaning, characteristics and scope of the trust property, and then discusses the basic theory of the trust property bankruptcy isolation function, mainly the meaning of the trust property bankruptcy isolation function. Characteristics, as well as the origin and realization premise of trust property bankruptcy isolation function. The second part is the legal effect of trust property bankruptcy isolation function. Firstly, it describes the effect of bankruptcy isolation of trust property and trust parties, that is, the trustor, the trustee and the beneficiary, and then expounds the balance of the interests of the creditors of the trust parties. The third part is the defect of the trust property system in our country. First of all, it expounds the main reason why the function of trust property bankruptcy isolation is difficult to realize in practice-the ownership of trust property is not clear; secondly, the lack of registration system of trust property includes too strict registration and effectivism. The related supporting measures and the absence of continuous publicity system are described, and the problem of maliciously applying bankruptcy isolation function in practice is discussed again. The fourth part is the perfection of trust property bankruptcy isolation system. Firstly, it should be clear that the ownership of the trust property belongs to the trustee, and secondly, the registration system of the trust property should adopt the registration antagonism. Thirdly, the problem of maliciously applying bankruptcy isolation function should be combined with other relevant laws and regulations.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.282

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