非信息对称条件下我国城商行对小企业信贷融资研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 19:32

本文选题：小企业 + 城商行　；参考：《西南财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国改革开放以来,小企业发展相当迅速,总体规模逐渐扩大,在国民经济发展、就业问题解决、城镇化推进、城乡差距缩小等方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。然而由于信息不对称、信用体系差、经营风险高、管理不规范、体制约束等原因,小企业仍然面临着严重的融资缺口,制约其持续发展。然而目前的文献大多是基于中小企业为研究对象,中型企业的融资需求已经得到充分的满足,真正难的是小企业。若将中型企业和小型企业融资问题混为一谈,客观上掩盖了我国企业融资问题的实质,误导了人们的判断方向,会影响金融政策制定的针对性。因此本文的研究具有较大的现实意义。产生于20世纪70年代的信息不对称理论很好地阐述了小企业融资难问题。小企业会比较不同融资方式的融资成本,而银行为避免由信息不对称产生的逆向选择与道德风险,会更慎重的对待小企业的融资需求。本论文从小企业信贷融资的市场分析出发,利用经济学原理对小企业融资市场进行供求分析,论证小企业贷款存在着巨大的融资缺口,而银行信贷是小企业重要的融资渠道,可以给小企业提供其需要的资金供给。然后论文基于信息不对称理论角度分析造成小企业银行信贷困境的主要原因所在,主要是由于银行获取小企业的信息过程通常是软信息的生产过程,该过程无法标准化、数量化,因此银行获取信息成本过高,影响了银行为小企业提供贷款的动力。接下来,本文从实证的角度,验证小企业在国有大型商业银行是否存在融资缺口及是否被歧视对待,侧面证实小企业融资的最佳渠道是通过城商行这类具有相同资产级别、更重视小企业软信息的金融机构进行信贷融资；其次,进一步研究影响小企业在城商行中进行贷款的主要因素是由于信息不对称的存在,小企业在城商行进行融资是存在着显著的关系型借贷。从而得出,小企业融资融资困境的主要原因是：一,从技术层面出发,金融机构为了避免信息不对称带来的不确定性会对小企业歧视对待：二,从机构组织机构出发,金融机构的不同内部组织结构会影响信息类型生产的选择,从而决定了金融机构会选择更适合分析的信息种类作为融资决策的主要考虑因素；三,从国家宏观经济环境出发,融资渠道的进入壁垒也会影响,对小企业融资的供给量。最后,本论文将包商银行作为城商行进行小企业融资的成功案例,找出城商行解决小企业融资问题的途径。通过其独特的贷前交叉检验分析及贷后等额还款计划,有效的解决了信息不对称和财务报表不完善等给城商行带来的融资不确定性。同时,从小企业本身及宏观经济层面,提出改善小企业融资现状的建议。
[Abstract]:With the reform and opening up of our country, small enterprises have developed rapidly and the overall scale has gradually expanded, which plays an important role in the development of national economy, the solution of employment problems, the promotion of urbanization, and the narrowing of the gap between urban and rural areas. However, due to asymmetric information, poor credit system, high management risk, non-standard management, institutional constraints and other reasons, small enterprises are still facing a serious financing gap, which restricts their sustainable development. However, most of the current literature is based on small and medium-sized enterprises as the research object, the financing needs of medium-sized enterprises have been fully met, the real difficulty is small enterprises. If the financing problems of medium and small enterprises are confused, the essence of financing problems of enterprises in our country will be masked objectively, the judgment direction of people will be misled, and the pertinence of financial policy formulation will be affected. Therefore, the study of this paper has great practical significance. The information asymmetry theory, which originated in the 1970's, has well expounded the financing difficulty of small enterprises. In order to avoid adverse selection and moral hazard caused by asymmetric information, the banks will treat the financing needs of small enterprises more carefully in order to avoid the adverse selection and moral hazard caused by asymmetric information. Based on the market analysis of small business credit financing, this paper analyzes the supply and demand of small business financing market by using economic principles, and proves that there is a huge financing gap in small business loans, and bank credit is an important financing channel for small enterprises. Small businesses can be provided with the funds they need. Then, based on the theory of asymmetric information, the paper analyzes the main reasons for the credit dilemma of small business banks, mainly because the process of obtaining information from small enterprises is usually the production process of soft information, and the process can not be standardized. As a result, the cost of obtaining information for banks is too high, which affects the power of banks to provide loans to small businesses. Then, from the empirical point of view, this paper verifies whether there is a financing gap in large state-owned commercial banks and whether they are discriminated against. The best way to finance small enterprises is to have the same asset class through the city commercial banks. Financial institutions that pay more attention to the soft information of small enterprises carry out credit financing. Secondly, the main factors that affect the loans of small enterprises in urban commercial banks are the existence of information asymmetry. There is a significant relationship-based lending for small businesses in the city's commercial banks. It is concluded that the main reasons for the financing dilemma of small enterprises are: first, from the technical level, financial institutions will discriminate against small enterprises in order to avoid the uncertainty brought about by asymmetric information; second, from the institutional organization, Different internal organizational structure of financial institutions will affect the choice of information type production, which determines that financial institutions will choose more suitable types of information for analysis as the main considerations in financing decision-making. Third, from the national macroeconomic environment, Access barriers to financing channels will also affect the supply of financing to small businesses. In the end, this paper takes the contractor bank as a successful case of small business financing, and finds out the way to solve the financing problem of small business. Through its unique pre-credit cross-test analysis and the loan-to-loan equivalent repayment plan, effectively solve the information asymmetry and financial statements such as imperfect financing uncertainty brought to the city commercial banks. At the same time, the paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the financing status of small enterprises from the aspects of small enterprises themselves and macroeconomics.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.4

【参考文献】