论我国电子票据法律制度的构建

发布时间：2018-06-29 07:00

本文选题：电子票据 + 票据法　；参考：《大连海事大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年来,随着市场经济发展的需求以及计算机网络技术在商务流通领域的普遍适用,电子票据这一新型支付手段随之应运而生。电子票据本身所具有的诸多优势使其发展成为必然趋势,但目前在我国,电子票据社会认知程度相对较低,与纸质票据如何转换没有明确标准,同时,电子票据作为高科技支付手段,在实现其债权等功能的同时伴随着可能出现法律风险,如病毒、黑客入侵等经济诈骗侵权案件的发生。同时,商业银行作为网络银行的幕后实体,其与电子票据使用客户之间发生利益纠纷时,电子票据使用客户难以取证,电子票据使用客户的弱势地位也使其合法利益难以得到明确的电子票据立法的保证。由此可知,电子票据在我国的发展中将遇到诸多障碍,与法律风险,这些都需要电子票据法律制度予以保障和防范。目前我国缺乏明确的电子票据立法,电子票据在我国现行《中华人民共和国票据法》(以下简称《票据法》)中也没有明确的法律地位,这明显不利于电子票据在我国的应用与发展。因此,笔者以为,构建出一部适合我国现阶段电子票据产业市场发展的电子票据法律制度已经是在电子票据发展趋势下的必然要求。本文中,笔者拟从界定电子票据的概念入手,遵循是什么,为什么,怎么办的逻辑结构,比较电子票据与传统纸质票据之间存在的差异性,结合电子票据本身所具有的优势与特征,分析当前形势下电子票据法律制度在我国建立的必要性与可行性,总结我国理论界的票据立法模式,提出了三种电子票据法律制度构建模式：第一,制定单行法律；第二,在我国现行《票据法》中单独加设一章电子票据；第三,对我国现行《票据法》进行修改。笔者通过分析三种电子票据法律制度建立模式的优缺点,结合前述电子票据与传统纸质票据内涵及特征的发现,即电子票据与传统票据有着本质上的联系,电子票据与传统纸质票据在票据法律行为方面的性质是相同的,只不过是电子票据在票据行为的传载介质上发生了改变,即由纸质介质变为数据电文形式,交易平台变为了网络银行,引发了电子票据相关主体的权利义务及其法律责任的变化。笔者在本着我国票据立法现状,采用了第三种法律构建模式,即对我国现行《票据法》进行修改,同时借鉴国外电子票据立法的成功典范,提出了下列电子票据法律制度建立的具体措施：第一,明确电子票据在我国现行《票据法》中的法律地位,提高其社会认知程度,使得电子票据在我国的发展有明确立法依据,进而促进电子票据在我国的发展进程：第二,在我国现行《票据法》中明确电子票据相关主体及其权利与义务,使电子票据相关主体有法可依,并使其合法利益能得到法律的保障；第三,在我国现行《票据法》中明确电子票据的相关法律责任,以应对电子票据在我国的实践中的法律风险。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of market economy and the general application of computer network technology in the field of commercial circulation, electronic bill as a new payment means came into being. Electronic bills have many advantages that make their development an inevitable trend, but at present in China, the social cognition of electronic bills is relatively low, and there is no clear standard for how to convert paper bills, at the same time, Electronic bill, as a high-tech payment method, is accompanied by possible legal risks, such as virus, hacker invasion and other economic fraud infringement cases, while realizing its creditor's rights and other functions. At the same time, commercial banks, as the behind-the-scenes entities of network banks, are difficult to obtain evidence when there is an interest dispute between them and customers using electronic bills. The weak position of customers makes it difficult to guarantee the legal interests of electronic bills. It can be seen that electronic instruments will meet many obstacles and legal risks in the development of our country, which need to be protected and prevented by the legal system of electronic bills. At present, our country lacks clear legislation on electronic instruments, and electronic instruments do not have a clear legal status in the current negotiable Instruments Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the instrument Law). This is obviously not conducive to the application and development of electronic bills in China. Therefore, the author thinks that it is necessary to construct a legal system of electronic bill which is suitable for the development of electronic bill industry in our country. In this paper, the author intends to define the concept of electronic bills, follow what, why, how to do the logical structure, compare the differences between electronic bills and traditional paper bills, Combined with the advantages and characteristics of electronic bill itself, this paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of establishing the legal system of electronic bill in our country under the current situation, and summarizes the legislative model of bill in the theoretical circle of our country. This paper puts forward three kinds of legal system construction models of electronic bill: first, to make a separate law; second, to add a separate chapter to our country's current negotiable instrument Law; third, to amend the current instrument Law of our country. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the three legal systems of electronic instruments, the author combines the above findings of electronic instruments and traditional paper instruments, that is, electronic bills and traditional instruments have an essential relationship. The nature of electronic bill is the same as that of traditional paper instrument in the aspect of legal act of bill, but it is only that the electronic instrument has changed in the medium of transmission of bill behavior, that is, from paper medium to data message form. The trading platform has become a network bank, which leads to the change of the rights and obligations of the related subjects of electronic bills and their legal responsibilities. In line with the present situation of bill legislation in our country, the author adopts the third kind of legal construction mode, that is, to modify the current Bill Law of our country, and at the same time to learn from the successful example of foreign electronic bill legislation. This paper puts forward the following specific measures to establish the legal system of electronic instruments: first, to make clear the legal status of electronic instruments in our country's current instrument Law, to improve their social cognition, so that the development of electronic instruments in our country has a clear legislative basis. Then promote the development process of electronic bill in our country: second, in the current instrument law of our country, make clear the relevant subject of electronic bill and its rights and obligations, so that the relevant subject of electronic bill has legal basis, In order to deal with the legal risk of electronic bill in our country, we should make clear the legal responsibility of electronic bill in our country's current instrument law.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.287

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