韩国对外直接投资的贸易效应研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 18:45

本文选题：对外直接投资 + 贸易效应　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：五十年的时间里，韩国从贫穷的农业国一跃成为名列世界前茅的新兴工业化国家，对外直接投资在韩国的经济发展中起到了不容忽视的作用。韩国作为东亚重要的新兴工业化国家，不断扩大其贸易与投资规模，对本国经济起到了巨大的推动作用。本文把韩国作为经济发展比较成功的新兴工业化国家的代表，深入研究韩国对外直接投资的发展历程、特点以及韩国的对外直接投资对本国贸易数量、贸易结构与贸易利益分配等方面的影响，探索韩国发展对外直接投资的对策。研究韩国对外直接投资的贸易效应有重要意义。首先，近些年来韩国经济的迅猛发展很大程度上依赖于对外直接投资额的增长所带来的经济效应。在国际直接投资的舞台上，韩国扮演更多的是投资母国的角色，而不是东道国的角色。其次，虽然贸易的发展不是韩国追求经济发展的最终目标，但是韩国对外直接投资引致的贸易效应对国民经济的发展影响深远。近些年来，有关对外直接投资的研究主要以实证为主，这些实证又主要以发达国家，如英国、美国、德国等为研究对象，以新兴经济体国家作为母国为研究对象的成果不多；在研究对外直接投资的贸易效应方面，多数研究成果集中在贸易数量方面的影响，而不是贸易结构等方面的具体分析。本文遵守规范的经济学研究范式，在相关理论研究的基础上，建立理论模型并通过计量工具进行实证分析。笔者从对外直接投资的贸易数量效应、贸易结构效应和贸易条件效应三个方面分别研究韩国对外直接投资的贸易效应。在韩国对外直接投资的贸易数量效应方面，笔者在理论研究的基础上进行了系统的实证分析。理论研究表明，，贸易政策、市场规模、汇率、投资动机、产业特征和要素价格等都是研究对外直接投资贸易创造效应或贸易替代效应的因素。在实证研究上，笔者借助经典的贸易引力模型，基于面板数据的回归方法分别分析了韩国对外直接直接投资对贸易出口和贸易进口的影响，探讨了韩国对外直接投资促进贸易增长的原因。实证结果表明，无论对于韩国的贸易出口还是进口，对外直接投资都使韩国获得了贸易创造效应；对外直接投资的存量对韩国贸易的影响大于投资流量的影响，也就是说对外直接投资的长期贸易效应将大于短期贸易效应；在韩国所有对外直接投资的动机中，资源寻求型和成本导向型的动机更加明显，其出口引致效应与反向进口效应相对较大。在韩国对外直接投资的贸易结构效应方面，笔者在理论研究的基础上进行了系统的实证分析。理论研究表明，对外直接投资对贸易结构转换的作用机理主要是通过技术差距、人均收入和消费者需求结构、要素禀赋差异等因素改变和提升母国相对要素生产率与要素禀赋，产生规模经济，形成相对技术领先优势从而带动产业结构的升级与贸易结构的转换。在实证研究上，在分析韩国贸易结构与投资结构变化的基础上，本文使用协整理论、ADF检验、Johansen检验等现代数理分析方法，以历年韩国投资额、各产业贸易额、GDP和汇率为研究对象，利用WTO、韩国贸易协会、世界银行和联合国贸发会议等网站数据库资料进行计量分析，得出韩国对外直接投资对贸易结构的影响：对外直接投资的流出结构与韩国进出口产业分布存在着“重叠性”特征；工业制成品的对外直接投资的贸易效应明显大于农产品等初级产品的贸易效应，对外直接投资对韩国贸易的促进作用主要通过工业制成品的出口来实现的；机器、运输设备和钢铁等工业制成品的直接投资产生的贸易创造效应最大等结论。在韩国对外直接投资的贸易条件效应方面，首先探讨了对外直接投资对价格、收入和要素贸易条件的作用机理，其次实证考察了韩国对外直接投资分别与价格贸易条件、收入贸易条件和要素贸易条件的变动走势，探讨二者之间的规律及联系。最后结合韩国贸易利益分配状况得出，在对外直接投资的作用下，韩国虽然价格贸易条件略显恶化，但是出口数量指数却大幅度上升，使得韩国的收入贸易条件得到改善；对外直接投资促进了韩国出口商品劳动生产率的提高，进而提高了韩国单要素贸易条件指数；由于进出口商品价格指数以及出口物量指数的变化，韩国获得的静态贸易利益的效率并不显著等结论。基于以上分析，本文对韩国对外直接投资的政策提出以下建议：在加强投资政策与贸易政策的整合方面，韩国有必要设立综合协调的境外企业的管理机构，其职责是制定投资政策、安排投资重点、优化投资的产业分布与区域结构、建立外汇使用和人才使用与技术流动的相关制度等；韩国政府要进一步完善投资保险与金融支持政策相关的法律法规，使企业的投保制度与金融扶持政策做到有法可依；加大对跨国经营人才的培养力度是提高韩国劳动生产率的根本手段，使韩国企业适应对外直接投资、开展跨国经营对人才的需要；韩国政府有必要对跨国公司、特别是中小企业的海外投资行为进行指导并提高信息技术和投资信息等方面的咨询，设立投资咨询机构帮助跨国企业进行海外投资分析、制定投资规划等信息咨询类服务，从而加强对跨国公司的投资引导与服务。
[Abstract]:South Korea , as an important emerging industrialized country in East Asia , has played an important role in the economic development of South Korea .

First , in recent years , the rapid development of South Korea ' s economy depends heavily on the economic effects of the growth of foreign direct investment . In the stage of international direct investment , South Korea plays more role in investing the mother country , not the role of the host country . Secondly , although the development of trade is not the ultimate goal of Korea ' s pursuit of economic development , the trade effect caused by South Korea ' s foreign direct investment has a far - reaching impact on the development of the national economy .

In recent years , the research on foreign direct investment is mainly empirical , which is mainly developed in developed countries , such as the UK , the United States , Germany and so on .
In the study of the trade effect of foreign direct investment , most of the research results are concentrated on the quantity of trade , not the specific analysis of trade structure .

In this paper , we study the trade effect of Korea ' s foreign direct investment from three aspects : the trade quantity effect , the trade structure effect and the trade condition effect of the foreign direct investment .

On the basis of the theory research , the author analyzes the influence of foreign direct investment on trade exports and trade substitution effects on the basis of theoretical research .
The influence of foreign direct investment on the Korean trade is greater than that of investment flow , that is , the long - term trade effect of foreign direct investment will be greater than that of short - term trade effect ;
Among all the motives of foreign direct investment in South Korea , the motivation of resource - seeking and cost - oriented is more obvious , and its export - induced effect is relatively large compared with the reverse - entry effect .

On the basis of the study of Korea ' s trade structure and investment structure , this paper analyzes the factors such as technological gap , per capita income , consumer demand structure , factor endowment difference and so on .
The trade effect of the foreign direct investment of the industrial manufactured goods is obviously larger than that of primary products such as agricultural products , and the promotion of foreign direct investment to the Korean trade is mainly realized through the export of the industrial manufactured goods ;
The conclusion that the direct investment of industrial products such as machinery , transportation equipment and iron and steel has the greatest effect on trade creation .

In the light of the effect of Korea ' s foreign direct investment on the terms of trade , the mechanism of foreign direct investment in terms of price , income and factors ' trade conditions is first discussed .
Foreign direct investment promoted the improvement of labor productivity of Korean export commodities , and further improved the index of South Korea ' s single element trade condition ;
Due to the changes in the import and export commodity price index and the export volume index , the efficiency of the static trade interests obtained by the Republic of Korea is not significant .

Based on the above analysis , this paper puts forward the following suggestions for the policy of foreign direct investment : in strengthening the integration of investment policy and trade policy , it is necessary to establish the regulatory agency of foreign enterprises with comprehensive coordination . Its function is to formulate investment policy , arrange the investment focus , optimize the industrial distribution and regional structure of investment , establish the relevant system of foreign exchange use and talent use and technology flow , etc .
The Korean government should further improve the laws and regulations related to the investment insurance and financial support policy , so that the insurance system of the enterprise and the financial support policy can be adopted ;
To strengthen the cultivation of transnational operation talents is the fundamental means to improve the labor productivity in South Korea , so that Korean enterprises can adapt to foreign direct investment and carry out the need of transnational operation to talents ;
It is necessary for the Korean government to provide advice on the overseas investment behavior of transnational corporations , especially small and medium - sized enterprises , and to improve information technology and investment information , and to set up investment advisory bodies to help multinational enterprises to carry out overseas investment analysis and formulate such information consultancy services as investment planning , so as to strengthen investment guidance and services to transnational corporations .
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F131.26

【参考文献】