母子型交叉持股公司利润分配问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 11:06

【摘要】：母子型交叉持股是指母、子公司为了达到一定目的而相互持有对方股份的一种股权结构,通常子公司持有的母公司股份不足以改变母子之间的控制关系。在我国资本市场上,母子型交叉持股现象虽然并不多见,但也时有发生,这种持股结构对国有企业改制、产业结构整合以及公司经营权稳定方面有着积极的作用,但也有着诸如资本虚增、内部人控制以及关联交易等负面作用,这些负面作用往往催生了股票市场的虚假繁荣,使投资者基于虚假现象的表面做出错误的决策。从会计处理的角度讲,母子公司交叉持股衍生出来的主要问题就是如何对各自的投资收益进行确定,因为持股双方要以对方的净利润作为计算自身投资收益的基础,若股权核算方法不同或利润分配方法不同,就会使投资收益的确定存在不同的形式。因此,在实务中母子型交叉持股的利润分配处理问题显得尤为重要。本文探讨的母子公司交叉持股的利润分配问题主要涉及两个方面,一是在不须编制合并报表时(也就是说母、子公司各自编制个别报表时),交叉持股公司如何确定各自的投资收益进而确定各自的净利润,另一方面是母子公司作为一个集团在编制合并报表时如何确定合并净利润与少数股东收益。首先,确定母子公司各自的净利润,就必须对各自股权的核算方法进行确认,根据《企业会计准则第2号—长期股权投资》《企业会计准则第22号—金融工具的确认和计量》,划分既具有原则性,又具有灵活性,后者主要依靠会计人员的职业判断,因而留下了较大的人为操作空间；其次,利润分配的方法有着各自的优缺点,准则也没有进行统一规范或者提出更好地改进,上市公司在编制合并报表时可以在诸多方法中进行选择,不同的选择的利润分配结果可能存在较大差异。本文主要针对不同核算方法和利润分配方法进行讨论,比较不同方法间对利润分配处理的差异,总结优缺点,提出改进方案。本文用五个部分论述了母子型交叉持股公司利润分配相关问题。第一章导论介绍本文的研究背景及意义、研究思路与框架、研究方法、创新与不足。第二章主要对国内外对母子型交叉持股利润分配的研究情况作一叙述,并结合文章阐明笔者的看法；第三章首先对母子型交叉持股的概念和功能作了简要介绍,其次对本文所研究的母子型交叉持股利润分配进行了定义并对影响利润分配的因素进行分析,然后从其影响因素出发分个别报表的利润分配研究和合并报表利润分配研究两个方面解释母子型交叉持股的利润分配情况。第四部分是母子型交叉持股背景案例与分析,通过ST唐陶和唐山华美之间交叉持股的实际案例说明前述理论的正确性。第五部分,从前文的理论叙述和案例研究中找出问题,并为完善我国母子型交叉持股的制度提出相应地改进意见。
[Abstract]:Mother-son cross-shareholding is a kind of ownership structure in which subsidiaries hold each other's shares in order to achieve a certain purpose. Usually, the parent company shares held by subsidiaries are not enough to change the controlling relationship between mother and son. In the capital market of our country, although the phenomenon of mother and son cross-shareholding is rare, it also happens from time to time. This kind of shareholding structure plays a positive role in the reform of state-owned enterprises, the integration of industrial structure and the stability of company management right. However, there are also negative effects, such as capital growth, insider control and related party transactions, which often lead to false prosperity in the stock market and make investors make false decisions on the surface of false phenomena. From the perspective of accounting treatment, the main problem arising from the cross-shareholding of parent-subsidiary companies is how to determine their respective investment returns, because both shareholding parties should take each other's net profits as the basis for calculating their own investment returns. If the equity accounting method or the profit distribution method is different, the investment income will be determined in different forms. Therefore, it is very important to deal with the profit distribution of mother-son cross-shareholding in practice. The problem of profit distribution of cross-shareholding between parent and subsidiary companies discussed in this paper mainly involves two aspects, one is that it is not necessary to prepare consolidated statements (that is, mother, etc.) How do cross-shareholding companies determine their respective investment returns and then determine their respective net profits, On the other hand, how to determine the combined net profit and minority shareholder income when the parent subsidiary as a group compiles the consolidated statement. First of all, to determine the respective net profits of parent and subsidiary companies, we must confirm the accounting methods of their respective shares. According to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 2-Long-term Equity Investment, < Enterprise Accounting Standard No. 22-recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments], the division is both principled and flexible, and the latter mainly depends on the professional judgment of accountants. As a result, a large artificial operation space is left. Secondly, profit distribution methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the criteria have not been standardized or improved better. Listed companies can choose from many methods when compiling consolidated statements, and the profit distribution results of different choices may differ greatly. This paper mainly discusses different accounting methods and profit distribution methods, compares the differences of different methods in dealing with profit distribution, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages, and puts forward the improvement scheme. This paper discusses the profit distribution of mother-son cross-shareholding companies in five parts. The first chapter introduces the research background and significance, research ideas and framework, research methods, innovation and deficiencies. The second chapter mainly describes the research on the profit distribution of mother-son cross-shareholding at home and abroad, and clarifies the author's views on it, the third chapter briefly introduces the concept and function of mother-son cross-shareholding. Secondly, the paper defines the mother-son cross-shareholding profit distribution and analyzes the factors that affect the profit distribution. Then it explains the profit distribution of mother and son cross-shareholding from two aspects: the study of profit distribution of individual statements and the study of profit distribution of combined statements. The fourth part is the case and analysis of the background of mother-son cross-shareholding, through St Tangtao and Tangshan Huamei cross-shareholding actual cases to illustrate the correctness of the above theory. In the fifth part, we find out the problems from the previous theoretical narration and case study, and put forward corresponding suggestions to improve the system of mother-son cross-shareholding in China.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F275.4;F832.51

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