西方“以房养老”的发展特点与中国的路径选择

发布时间：2018-08-26 09:47

【摘要】：国务院颁布的《关于加快发展养老服务业的若干意见》提出将有规划地在全国范围内开展"以房养老"试点,这对完善我国养老模式体系具有重要意义。从国际经验看,以美国为代表的西方国家从20世纪80年代开始探索并推行"以房养老",目前已成为西方社会高度认可的养老方式。西方"以房养老"发展的主要特点是:运作体系在长期实践中日趋成熟,市场规模随着制度完善大幅扩展,各国模式因国情不同互有差异,多方因素支撑是成功推行的重要前提。中国对"以房养老"已有近十年的探索,但由于养老观念、政策制度、市场环境等多方面因素的制约,迄今仍未有实质性进展。为将"以房养老"发展成为我国重要的补充养老方式,今后的努力方向是:明确"以房养老"的角色定位,优先在一二线城市试点推广,制定完善相关法律法规,充分发挥政府主导作用以及加大社会宣传推广力度等。
[Abstract]:Some opinions on speeding up the development of the old-age service industry promulgated by the State Council put forward that the pilot project of "providing for the aged by housing" will be carried out in a planned way throughout the country, which is of great significance to the improvement of the pension model system in China. From the international experience, the western countries, represented by the United States, began to explore and implement "providing for the aged by housing" in the 1980s, which has now become a highly recognized pension method in the western society. The main characteristics of the development of "old-age support by house" in the West are that the operating system is maturing day by day in long-term practice, the market scale expands greatly with the perfection of the system, and the modes of each country are different according to the national conditions. Multi-factor support is an important prerequisite for successful implementation. China has been exploring "providing for the aged by house" for nearly ten years. However, due to the restriction of pension concept, policy and system, market environment and so on, no substantial progress has been made so far. In order to develop "providing for the aged by housing" as an important supplementary way of providing for the aged in our country, the direction of future efforts is to make clear the role of "providing for the aged by housing", to give priority to pilot promotion in the first and second tier cities, and to formulate and perfect the relevant laws and regulations. Give full play to the leading role of the government and increase social propaganda and promotion efforts.
【作者单位】：上海金融学院劳动与社会保障系;上海社会科学院世界经济研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金青年项目“统筹完善我国计划生育补偿机制与导向机制研究”(12CRK017) 上海市教委科研创新项目“构建上海市第一代独生子女父母重病护理补贴机制的研究”(13YS107)
【分类号】：F299.23;D669.6

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