农发行吉林省分行贷款风险管理研究

发布时间：2018-12-18 08:24

【摘要】：银行贷款风险管理是指银行运用系统和规范的方法对信贷资产进行识别、预测和处理，防范和降低风险损失的发生，并对信贷活动加以影响，以实现信贷目标的信贷调控行为。在目前吉林省农发行商业性贷款业务比重逐年增加、信用贷款较多、利差为主要收入来源的情况下，贷款投放与管理成为吉林省农发行经营管理的重要内容之一，因此，有效地识别和控制贷款风险是增强农业发展银行服务“三农”职能、优化资源配置及增加收益、全面实现自负盈亏、促进其可持续发展的重要基础性工作。本文从分析吉林省农发行贷款风险的现状及存在的问题入手，结合国内外先进理论和实践，探索控制和防范贷款风险的有效管理方法，对农吉林省农发行的经营与管理具有重要意义。本文首先从农发行承贷主体、市场风险、制度、操作风险等四个方面角度分析了贷款风险成因。运用归纳法、演绎法、比较分析法，揭示当前农发行客户基础较差、借款企业自身抗风险能力低、企业经营能力不强、企业法定代表人道德风险大、较易发生逆向选择等客户自身的风险因素，，粮食市场价格影响因素较多、间接影响农发行贷款安全，准入门槛低、贷款条件松、贷款额度不易把控等制度因素。在此基础上，本文提出了形成农发行准政策性贷款风险的根源是制度设计存在缺陷，贷款风险敞口较大，缺乏有效风险补偿机制，以及政策取向存在偏差的这一理论观点。准政策性贷款是以国家信用为基础，投放在商业性承贷主体上，而国家政策的目的是维护粮食安全，商业性承贷主体的目的是追求利润最大化。准政策性贷款的发展定位难以把握，既要符合《贷款通则》要求，又要落实国家政策。农发行贷款损失专项准备（影子拨备）模拟计提的比例较低，而且没有相应的政策补贴。为了有效提高农发行的贷款风险，本文认为应该从四个方面入手提高农发行信贷风险的控制和管理。第一是业务发展选择。通过加强与地方党政沟通协调，积极发展政策性中长期信贷业务。第二是强化信贷队伍建设，使信贷队伍精英化，并优化信贷队伍结构。同时，建立健全考核机制，成立培训中心，开展传帮带活动。另外，要公开招聘，定向招人，并实行属地管理。第三是信贷管理控制。通过合理确定粮油贷款额度和信用敞口，做好“五确认”工作，强化收购资金支付和销售货款管理，粮食库存管理，实现信贷风险管控。第四是执行力建设。要提高执行力，关键在人，关键在领导干部。通过更新思想观念、强化素质、抓好落实、信息反馈、发挥表率作用、加强管理等手段，有效提高执行力。
[Abstract]:Bank loan risk management means that banks use systematic and standardized methods to identify, predict and deal with credit assets, prevent and reduce the occurrence of risk losses, and influence credit activities in order to achieve credit objectives. At present, the proportion of commercial loan business of Agricultural Development Bank of Jilin Province is increasing year by year, the credit loan is more and more, the interest rate difference is the main income source, the loan investment and the management become one of the important contents of the management of Jilin Province Agricultural Development Bank, therefore, To identify and control the loan risk effectively is an important basic work for the Agricultural Development Bank to strengthen its function of serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers, optimize the allocation of resources and increase revenue, fully realize self-responsibility for profits and losses, and promote its sustainable development. Based on the analysis of the present situation and the existing problems of the loan risk of Agricultural Development Bank of Jilin Province, combined with the advanced theory and practice at home and abroad, this paper explores the effective management methods to control and prevent the loan risk. The management and management of Agricultural Development Bank of Jilin Province is of great significance. Firstly, this paper analyzes the causes of loan risk from four aspects: the principal part, market risk, system and operation risk of Agricultural Development Bank. By using inductive method, deductive method and comparative analysis method, it is revealed that at present the customer base of Agricultural Development Bank is poor, the borrowing enterprises have low ability to resist risks, the management ability of enterprises is not strong, and the moral hazard of the legal representatives of enterprises is great. The risk factors of customers such as adverse selection are easy to occur, and there are many factors affecting the price of grain market, which indirectly affect the loan safety, low entry threshold, loose loan conditions, difficult to control loan quota and other institutional factors. On this basis, this paper puts forward the theoretical viewpoint that the root of forming the risk of quasi-policy loan of Agricultural Development Bank is the defect of system design, the large exposure of loan risk, the lack of effective risk compensation mechanism, and the deviation of policy orientation. The quasi-policy loan is based on the state credit and is put into the commercial lending subject. The purpose of the state policy is to maintain the food security, and the purpose of the commercial lender is to pursue the maximum profit. The development orientation of quasi-policy loans is difficult to grasp, which not only meets the requirements of the General principles of loan, but also implements the national policies. The proportion of special reserve (shadow provision) of Agricultural Development Bank's loan loss is low, and there is no corresponding policy subsidy. In order to effectively improve the loan risk of the Agricultural Development Bank, this paper holds that the control and management of the credit risk of the Agricultural Development Bank should be improved from four aspects. The first is the choice of business development. Through strengthening communication and coordination with local party and government, we should actively develop medium-and long-term credit business. The second is to strengthen the construction of credit force, make credit team elite, and optimize the structure of credit force. At the same time, the establishment of a sound assessment mechanism, the establishment of training centers, to carry out activities. In addition, to open recruitment, targeted recruitment, and the implementation of territorial management. The third is credit management control. Through the rational determination of grain and oil loan quota and credit exposure, the work of "five confirmation" should be done well, and the management of purchase fund payment and sale payment, grain inventory management and credit risk control should be strengthened. The fourth is the construction of executive power. To improve implementation, the key lies in people, the key lies in leading cadres. Through renewing ideology, strengthening quality, carrying out well, information feedback, giving play to the role of example, strengthening management and so on, the execution ability is improved effectively.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.4

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