吉林省农业银行农户贷款风险防范研究
发布时间：2018-12-27 12:07
【摘要】：吉林农行是农业银行第一批开展面向“三农”金融服务试点工作的省分行，近年来，该行农户贷款业务得到快速发展，总体上保持了健康、稳定的发展势头，但相关风险和问题也逐步暴露：一是不良贷款逐步增长。截至今年6月末，全行农户小额贷款不良余额4.5亿元，不良率达6.8％，并可能将进一步上升。二是违规现象日益增多。各级行在审计、检查、调研中发现农户贷款业务开办中存在较多的违规现象和风险隐患，如客户准入过于宽松、调查审查环节把关不严、贷后管理流于形式、客户经理违规操作等。三是农户难以规避农业生产过程中的自然灾害风险和市场价格波动风险现象日益突出。四是声誉风险管控压力较大。政府、社会公众及媒体对农户贷款高度关注，任何违规操作或宣传解释失误都可能诱发严重的声誉风险。加强农户贷款风险防控，确保农户贷款健康、可持续发展，是农业银行实现服务“三农”可持续发展的基本前提和根本保证。 吉林农行根据农户经营特点，因地因行制宜，通过建立符合农户实际、针对性和适应性强的管理模式和管控手段，在推动农户贷款业务实现可持续健康发展方面，进行了积极的探索和有益的实践。然而该行在开展农户贷款业务过程中，不可规避地面临着农户贷款的分散性、多样化、小规模、信息不对称以及用途的不确定性等因素，因此决定了农户贷款管理的长期性和复杂性。 坚持在风险可控的条件下实现经营利润和社会效益的统一，既是商业银行的本质要求，也是实现农行与“三农”客户互益共赢、可持续发展的必由之路。要进一步转变历史上的粗放金融支农模式，坚持商业运作,构建系统风险防控体系，有效防控农户贷款的信用风险、操作风险、声誉风险及市场风险，做好农户贷款风险管理工作，确保农户贷款业务健康、可持续发展。 近年来，吉林农行结合吉林省地方实际，大力开展“三农”贷款，提升农村金融服务水平，践行企业使命。在持续、深入开展农户贷款业务过程中，面临着新的问题与难点：一方面，，农户贷款投向以农户为主，实践中农户贷款额度较小，农户居住地域分散，管理半径大，信息不对称，贷款普遍缺乏有效抵质押物，农民种养业自然风险缺乏有效的补偿机制等弱质性因素将长期客观存在；另一方面，作为贷款经营的主体农行在运营中持续面临着农村金融交易成本高，管理链条长，基层人员总体素质不高，内部控制管理难度大等难题。因此，构建以全面的风险管理范围、全程的风险管理过程、全员的风险管理文化、全新的风险管理手段为基本特征的风险管理体系，成为提高农户贷款风险防控水平，实现农户贷款业务服务到位、发展可持续目标的重要内容。
[Abstract]:Jilin Agricultural Bank is the first provincial branch of the Agricultural Bank of China to carry out the pilot work on financial services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers. In recent years, the bank's farmers' loan business has developed rapidly, and on the whole it has maintained a healthy and stable development momentum. But the related risks and problems are gradually exposed: first, the growth of non-performing loans. At the end of June, the bank had a non-performing balance of 450 million yuan in small loans, a rate of 6.8 yuan, which is likely to rise further. Second, illegal phenomenon is increasing day by day. In auditing, checking and investigating, banks at all levels have found that there are more irregularities and hidden risks in the start-up of peasant households' loan business, such as too loose access for customers, lax supervision of the investigation and examination links, and management after loans become mere formality. The account manager violates the operation and so on. Third, it is difficult for farmers to avoid the risk of natural disasters and market price fluctuations in the agricultural production process. Fourth, reputation risk control pressure. The government, the public and the media are highly concerned about farmers' loans, and any illegal operation or misinterpretation of propaganda may lead to serious reputational risks. To strengthen the prevention and control of farmers' loan risk, to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of farmers' loans is the basic premise and fundamental guarantee for the Agricultural Bank to realize the sustainable development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. According to the management characteristics of the farmers, the Jilin Agricultural Bank of China, by establishing a management model and control means that are in line with the farmers' reality, pertinence and adaptability, can promote the sustainable and healthy development of the farmers' loan business. Positive exploration and beneficial practice were carried out. However, in the process of carrying out the farmer loan business, the bank is faced with such factors as dispersion, diversification, small scale, asymmetric information and uncertainty of the use of the farmer loan. Therefore, decided the farmer loan management the long-term nature and the complexity. It is not only the essential requirement of commercial banks to realize the unity of operating profit and social benefit under the condition of controllable risk, but also the only way to realize mutual benefit and sustainable development between Agricultural Bank and customers of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. It is necessary to further change the historical model of extensive financial support for agriculture, adhere to commercial operations, build a system of system risk prevention and control, and effectively prevent and control the credit risk, operational risk, reputation risk and market risk of farmers' loans. Do a good job in the management of farmers' loan risk to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of farmers' loan business. In recent years, the Agricultural Bank of Jilin Province combined with the reality of Jilin Province, vigorously develop "three rural" loans, improve the level of rural financial services, the implementation of the mission of enterprises. In the process of continuously and deeply developing the farmer's loan business, it faces new problems and difficulties: on the one hand, the farmer's loan is directed mainly to the peasant household, the amount of the farmer's loan is small in practice, the farmer's living area is scattered, and the management radius is large. Information asymmetry, loans generally lack of effective collateral, farmers planting and raising industry natural risks lack of effective compensation mechanism and other weak factors will exist objectively for a long time; On the other hand, Agricultural Bank of China (ABC), as the main body of loan management, continues to face the problems of high financial transaction cost, long management chain, low overall quality of grass-roots personnel, and great difficulty in internal control management. Therefore, the construction of a risk management system characterized by a comprehensive range of risk management, a whole process of risk management, a risk management culture of the whole staff and a completely new means of risk management has become a way to improve the level of risk prevention and control of farmers' loans. The important content that realizes the farmer loan business service to be in place, the development sustainable goal.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.43
本文编号：2393037
[Abstract]:Jilin Agricultural Bank is the first provincial branch of the Agricultural Bank of China to carry out the pilot work on financial services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers. In recent years, the bank's farmers' loan business has developed rapidly, and on the whole it has maintained a healthy and stable development momentum. But the related risks and problems are gradually exposed: first, the growth of non-performing loans. At the end of June, the bank had a non-performing balance of 450 million yuan in small loans, a rate of 6.8 yuan, which is likely to rise further. Second, illegal phenomenon is increasing day by day. In auditing, checking and investigating, banks at all levels have found that there are more irregularities and hidden risks in the start-up of peasant households' loan business, such as too loose access for customers, lax supervision of the investigation and examination links, and management after loans become mere formality. The account manager violates the operation and so on. Third, it is difficult for farmers to avoid the risk of natural disasters and market price fluctuations in the agricultural production process. Fourth, reputation risk control pressure. The government, the public and the media are highly concerned about farmers' loans, and any illegal operation or misinterpretation of propaganda may lead to serious reputational risks. To strengthen the prevention and control of farmers' loan risk, to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of farmers' loans is the basic premise and fundamental guarantee for the Agricultural Bank to realize the sustainable development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. According to the management characteristics of the farmers, the Jilin Agricultural Bank of China, by establishing a management model and control means that are in line with the farmers' reality, pertinence and adaptability, can promote the sustainable and healthy development of the farmers' loan business. Positive exploration and beneficial practice were carried out. However, in the process of carrying out the farmer loan business, the bank is faced with such factors as dispersion, diversification, small scale, asymmetric information and uncertainty of the use of the farmer loan. Therefore, decided the farmer loan management the long-term nature and the complexity. It is not only the essential requirement of commercial banks to realize the unity of operating profit and social benefit under the condition of controllable risk, but also the only way to realize mutual benefit and sustainable development between Agricultural Bank and customers of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. It is necessary to further change the historical model of extensive financial support for agriculture, adhere to commercial operations, build a system of system risk prevention and control, and effectively prevent and control the credit risk, operational risk, reputation risk and market risk of farmers' loans. Do a good job in the management of farmers' loan risk to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of farmers' loan business. In recent years, the Agricultural Bank of Jilin Province combined with the reality of Jilin Province, vigorously develop "three rural" loans, improve the level of rural financial services, the implementation of the mission of enterprises. In the process of continuously and deeply developing the farmer's loan business, it faces new problems and difficulties: on the one hand, the farmer's loan is directed mainly to the peasant household, the amount of the farmer's loan is small in practice, the farmer's living area is scattered, and the management radius is large. Information asymmetry, loans generally lack of effective collateral, farmers planting and raising industry natural risks lack of effective compensation mechanism and other weak factors will exist objectively for a long time; On the other hand, Agricultural Bank of China (ABC), as the main body of loan management, continues to face the problems of high financial transaction cost, long management chain, low overall quality of grass-roots personnel, and great difficulty in internal control management. Therefore, the construction of a risk management system characterized by a comprehensive range of risk management, a whole process of risk management, a risk management culture of the whole staff and a completely new means of risk management has become a way to improve the level of risk prevention and control of farmers' loans. The important content that realizes the farmer loan business service to be in place, the development sustainable goal.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.43
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