农户信贷供需特征及有效供给体系研究

发布时间：2019-06-11 00:20

【摘要】：目前，我国农业正处于传统农业向现代农业的转型时期，在现代农业及新农村建设过程中农户经济占有重要的战略地位。面对农村市场经济的发展，农户家庭经营收入、支出以及生产性投资之间必然存在时间和数量层面的差异，这种差异单靠农户的自身积累难以满足，，必然产生对信贷的强烈需求。然而，随着农村经济以及农村金融商业化改革的深入，现阶段农户生产经营的信贷需求与金融机构供给呈现“贷款难”与“难贷款”的格局；增加农民收入，发展农户经济是现代农业及新农村建设重要基础。基于这种现实，以农户经营信贷需求状况及特征为切入点，全面阐释农户信贷有效供需的状况及其特征，实证剖析农户信贷有效供需不足的原因，进而提出完善与创新农户信贷有效供给体系及政策建议具有重要的理论价值及现实指导意义。论文体系共设计八章，主要研究内容：依据农村金融及农户信贷供需理论，以山东省农户信贷供需问卷及实地调查资料为主，全面分析了农户信贷需求状况及特征，实证分析农户信贷供给情况及特征，深入剖析了农户信贷有效供需不足的原因，在借鉴国外农户信贷供给体系建设成功经验的基础上，有针对性提出了完善与创新农户信贷有效供给体系及政策建议。主要研究结论：一是通过问卷及实地调查，实证分析了现阶段我国农户信贷需求状况及特征：即农户经营活动多样化，具有较强的资金融入需求，亲朋好友和农村信用社是农户信贷主要供给者；农户贷款用途涉及生产和生活等多元化特征；二是运用有效供给理论与调查资料，系统分析了农户信贷有效供给状况及特征。即现阶段农户信贷供给中，农村信用社为主，农业银行与农业发展银行次之，新型金融机构（村镇银行、资金互助社）再次，非银行金融机构（贷款公司、担保公司）及民间金融为补充。整体有效供给不足是基本态势；三是在全面反映、分析了农户信贷供需现况及主要特征基础上，深入剖析了导致农户信贷有效供给不足的主要根源：农户贷款用途易变性多，风险大，交易成本高，担保（抵押品）条件不充分；农村金融机构商业化贷款条件现显，金融机构贷款风险、内控制度约束严格，信贷人员存有“惧贷”心理；农村金融组织体系建设不够完善，乡镇村基层金融网点机构覆盖面低，信贷人员支农动力不足，金融市场竞争不充分；金融政策扶持尚欠连续性，缺乏细则与规范，有些相关政策设置门槛太高，影响了农村金融机构的积极性；四是在借鉴国外农户信贷供给体系成功经验的基础上，构建了新时期完善与创新农户信贷有效供给体系的总体策略及原则；从功能视角，阐述了完善与创新农户信贷有效供给体系及其功能的主体措施。即科学构建农户信贷有效供给组织体系，创新农户信贷服务模式及产品体系，加强农户信用体系建设，改革与完善农村金融监管体系，科学构建农村金融政策支持体系；在此基础上，还应该科学设计农户贷款抵押权（物品），建立健全农村合作金融法规及积极推进农村金融利率市场化改革。
[Abstract]:At present, China's agriculture is in the transition period of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, and the farmer's economy has an important strategic position in the process of modern agriculture and new rural construction. In the face of the development of the rural market economy, there is an inevitable difference in the time and quantity between the household operating income, the expenditure and the productive investment. However, with the deepening of the rural economy and the commercial reform of the rural finance, the credit demand of the production and operation of the farmers and the supply of the financial institutions to the "The loan is hard" and the "hard-to-loan" in the present stage, the increase of the farmer's income and the development of the farmer's economy are the important basis of the modern agriculture and the new rural construction. Based on this reality, the paper fully explains the situation and characteristics of the effective supply and demand of the credit of the farmers, and the reason of the shortage of the effective supply and demand of the credit of the farmers. Furthermore, it is of great theoretical value and practical guiding significance to perfect and innovate the effective supply system and policy of the credit of the farmer. This paper designs eight chapters. The main contents are as follows: According to the theory of the supply and demand of the rural finance and the farmer's credit, the supply and demand questionnaire and the field survey data of the farmers' credit in Shandong Province are the main factors, and the conditions and characteristics of the credit demand of the farmers are comprehensively analyzed, and the supply of the credit of the farmers and the special characteristics of the farmers are analyzed. On the basis of reference to the successful experience of the rural household credit supply system, the paper puts forward the perfect and innovative system of effective supply of credit for farmers and the establishment of the policy. Main research and research The first one, through the questionnaire and the field survey, analyzes the current situation and characteristics of the credit demand of the farmers in our country, namely, the diversification of the farmer's operating activities, the strong fund integration requirement, the family and family and the rural credit cooperatives are the credit of the farmers. The main tenant; the use of the farmer's loan involves the production and the living, etc. The second is to use the effective supply theory and the survey data to analyze the effective credit of the farmers. Supply situation and characteristics. In the present stage, the rural credit cooperatives are mainly rural credit cooperatives, the Agricultural Bank of China is the second with the agricultural development bank, the new financial institution (the bank of small and small towns, the credit union), and the non-bank financial institutions (the loan company, the guarantee company) and the non-bank financial institutions (the loan company, the guarantee company) and the non-bank financial institutions ( Civil finance is complementary. The overall effective supply The deficiency is the basic situation; third, on the basis of comprehensive reflection and analysis of the current status and main characteristics of the supply and demand of the farmers' credit, the main causes of the shortage of the effective supply of credit for farmers are analyzed in-depth: the use of the loan for farmers is more and more, The risk is high, the transaction cost is high, the guarantee (security) condition is not sufficient, the commercial loan conditions of the rural financial institutions are now obvious, the loan risk of the financial institution and the restraint of the internal control system are strict, the credit personnel have the "credit loan" psychology, the construction of the rural financial organization system is not perfect, the village-level gold of the village and the village The coverage of the network outlets is low, the power of the credit personnel is insufficient, the competition in the financial markets is not sufficient, the financial policy support is still under the continuity, the rules and regulations are lacking, and some related policy setting thresholds are too high to influence the farmers The fourth is to build the overall strategy and principle of perfecting and innovating the effective supply system of credit for the farmers in the new period based on the successful experience of the foreign farmers' credit supply system, and the effective supply of credit to the innovative farmers from the functional perspective. The main measure of the system and its function is to construct the effective supply organization system of the farmer's credit, to innovate the model of credit service and the product system of the farmers, to strengthen the construction of the credit system of the farmers, to reform and perfect the rural financial supervision system and to construct the rural financial affairs scientifically. On the basis of this, we should also scientifically design the mortgage right of farmers (goods), establish and improve the financial regulations of rural cooperation and promote the positive promotion
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.43

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