系统效应与帝国过度扩张的形成:汉武帝大战略的再审视

发布时间：2017-12-31 03:03

  本文关键词：系统效应与帝国过度扩张的形成:汉武帝大战略的再审视　出处：《外交评论(外交学院学报)》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

  更多相关文章： 汉武帝 过度扩张 系统效应 对外战略 西汉匈奴

【摘要】：本文旨在讨论汉武帝对外大战略的演进,分析帝国扩张过度而调整滞后的原因。帝国的对外拓展是一个不断应对内外约束的能动过程,其阻力与风险始终存在。对此,执政者往往并非无知,而是试图通过动员、汲取及整合能力的提升来突破限制,进而维持进取态势及其成果。但是,其中不少政策虽能迅速产生效果,但其对政治经济的长期扭曲效应却意味着更大的反噬危险。汉武帝前期的征伐很快消耗了汉初多年休养生息的积累,然而各种危机征兆并没有催生战略收缩,却刺激了一系列以"兴利"为中心的改革并不断加码。这些政策一度克服了财政困难,助长了武帝进一步开拓的雄心,推动征伐不断升级。但是,就在支撑武帝对外穷兵黩武、对内穷奢极欲的同时,征伐扩张与兴利汲取的长期负面效果也在不断累积,最终导致了严重的军事挫折和内政危机。在巫盅之变等事件的刺激下,垂暮之年的汉武帝最终暂停对外征伐,开启了昭宣时代政策调整的先声。武帝朝大战略的历史经验启示我们要重视战略实践的系统效应,注意辨析政策的短期效应与长期影响,在实践中保持充分的战略弹性与战略审慎。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to discuss the evolution of Emperor Wudi's foreign strategy, and to analyze the reasons for the excessive expansion of the empire, which is a dynamic process of dealing with the internal and external constraints. Its resistance and risk always exist. To this, the rulers are not ignorant, but try to break through the limitation by mobilizing, absorbing and integrating the ability to improve, and then maintain the enterprising trend and its achievements. Although many of these policies can produce effects quickly, their long-term distorting effect on political economy means a greater risk of anti-eating. The early period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty quickly consumed the accumulation of recuperation and recuperation in the early Han Dynasty. However, the signs of crisis did not lead to a strategic contraction, but stimulated a series of "profit-centric" reforms and continued to add. These policies once overcome financial difficulties, and encouraged Emperor Wu's ambition to further develop. Promote the constant upgrading of cutting. However, in support of the external militaristic Wu emperor, the extravagant desire to the inside, the long-term negative effects of conquest expansion and prosperity are also accumulating. Finally led to serious military setbacks and internal affairs crisis. In the witch-cup changes and other events stimulated by the end of the Han Dynasty Emperor finally suspended the foreign expedition. The historical experience of the Great Strategy of the Emperor Wu Dynasty revealed that we should pay attention to the systematic effect of the strategic practice and pay attention to the analysis of the short-term and long-term effects of the policy. Maintain sufficient strategic flexibility and strategic prudence in practice.
【作者单位】： 上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院;牛津大学大学学院;
【分类号】：D829
【正文快照】： 西汉是中国古代中原王朝对外关系基本格局的形成时期。在西汉王朝对外战略的演进中,“雄才大略”的汉武帝扮演了关键角色。在西汉前期休养生息、国力恢复的基础上,汉武帝转向进攻性战略,大举用兵四境,在开疆拓土、臣服周边的同时也酿成了重大危机。以武帝末年的“轮台诏”为发，

本文编号：1357793