毛泽东探索中国社会主义建设思想演变研究（1956～1966）

发布时间：2018-01-08 06:19

本文关键词：毛泽东探索中国社会主义建设思想演变研究（1956～1966）　出处：《东北师范大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：毛泽东在1956～1966年对社会主义建设道路的探索及其思想演变轨迹是一个值得深入探讨的问题。在这十年，以毛泽东为核心的中国共产党人力图开辟一条有自身特点的又快又好的社会主义建设道路。在探索过程中，既收获了丰硕的成果，为日后的社会主义建设奠定了重要的基础，也出现了一些明显的失误，探索之路历经坎坷。然而，不管是成功的经验，抑或是失误的教训，都是新时期社会主义建设中需要认真总结的。毛泽东社会主义建设思想的形成有其多方面的理论渊源和客观的现实背景。毛泽东在建设时期非常重视马克思主义关于社会主义建设的经典理论；在毛泽东社会主义建设思想的形成和变迁中，始终伴随着对苏联社会主义建设经验以及教训的总结和反思；在战争年代积累的斗争经验对其领导社会主义建设也有着重要影响，同时，毛泽东又在具体实践中结合思考不断加以调整；作为一个手不释卷的革命实践家，我们在毛泽东社会主义建设思想中还不难找到中国传统文化的因子。在中共八大前后，毛泽东对适合自身国情的社会主义道路探索经历了从“以苏为师”到“以苏为鉴”的思想演变。我国在社会主义建设初期“以苏为师”指导思想的提出有其历史的必然性，这既适应了当时国际共产主义运动的大气候，也说明了中共对苏联当时建设成就的欣赏。然而，到了八大前夕，中国已经初步积累起社会主义建设的基本经验，而苏联模式所暴露出来的问题，则进一步促使毛泽东展开对独立自主地建设有中国特点的社会主义的思考。 “大跃进”前后，毛泽东关于社会主义建设速度等问题的思想演变可分为三个阶段。早在一五计划后期，在农业合作化问题上，毛泽东在建设中的急于求成已经初露端倪，同时，对其他各行各业的发展速度也提出了更高的要求。“大跃进”发动后，建设中的急躁冒进思想进一步升级。然而，各地在“大跃进”运动中暴露出来的问题和乱象，又使毛泽东深感震惊。在严峻的事实面前，毛泽东逐渐冷静下来，并在中央领导层中率先开始了纠“左”的努力。国民经济调整时期，毛泽东关于调查研究思想的演变同样值得关注和探讨。“大跃进”后毛泽东对深入调查研究的提倡和践行，既是在国民经济遭遇极大困难的严峻事实面前，党和政府调整工作思路的迫切需要；也是在探索社会主义建设规律的关键时期，毛泽东对我党长期以来形成的实事求是优良作风的坚持和弘扬。另一方面，由于对形势、国情的错误认识和判断，毛泽东在20世纪60年代的社会主义建设思想，又呈现出一个原来以经济建设为中心的思想向后来以阶级斗争为纲的思想演变的轨迹，最终导致了60年代初提出的一系列重要调整思路的中断，其在政治上和思想上不断发展的“左”倾思想，又成为后来发动“文化大革命”的导火线。开始全面建设社会主义的十年，是我国工业、农业、教育、科学技术等各项建设事业取得巨大成就的十年，这是十年建设的主要方面。在探索社会主义建设规律过程中，以毛泽东为核心的党中央在政治、经济、文化、社会建设各领域提出了很多建设性思想，积累了不少宝贵经验。同时，在一个落后的东方古国探索社会主义建设规律，对于缺乏经验的中国共产党人来说无疑又是一项严峻的挑战，因此，在探索中也出现了一些严重的失误。其中，经济建设上的急于求成和阶级斗争上的扩大化是最主要的两方面失误。总结毛泽东在此十年对社会主义建设规律的探索及其思想演变轨迹，给予我们诸多宝贵启示。它告诉我们：要从基本国情出发，，探寻经济发展基本规律；要抓住社会主义社会主要矛盾，正确处理人民内部矛盾，调动一切积极因素，以推进中国特色社会主义建设。
[Abstract]:Mao Zedong in 1956 to 1966 on the road of socialist construction exploration and ideas of evolution is a problem worthy of further exploration. In the past ten years, the Communist Party of Chinese human figure with Mao Zedong as the core of the opening a has its own characteristics of the fast and good road of socialist construction. In the course of exploration, not only harvest results laid a foundation for the day after the socialist construction, there are some obvious mistakes, to explore the road of ups and downs. However, whether it is a successful experience, or mistakes are the need to conscientiously sum up the socialist construction in the new period.
The formation of Mao Zedong's socialist construction thought has many theoretical origin and realistic background. Mao Zedong in the period of construction attaches great importance to the Marx classical theory about socialist construction; in the formation and development of Mao Zedong's socialist construction thought, always accompanied by the experience and lessons of the Soviet Socialist Construction and reflection in the war; the accumulation of experience of the struggle to lead the socialist construction has important effect, at the same time, Mao Zedong also in the specific practice thinking is continuously adjusted; as a hand don't release volume in our revolutionary practice, Mao Zedong's socialist construction thought is not difficult to find Chinese factors of traditional culture.
In the eight, Mao Zedong on the path suited to their national conditions of socialism has changed from "Su teacher" to "with Su Weijian" thought in China. In the early stage of socialist construction "with Su teacher" guiding ideology has its historical inevitability, it is not only to adapt to the international communist movement at that time the climate also illustrates the achievements of the construction of the Soviet Union was appreciated. However, to eight on the eve of China has initially accumulated basic experience of socialist construction, and the Soviet problems exposed, it further urged Mao Zedong to think of the characteristics of the socialist Chinese independent construction.
The "great leap forward" before and after, Mao Zedong thought about socialist construction speed of evolution can be divided into three stages. In the early 15 plan period, in the agricultural cooperation on the issue, Mao Zedong anxious in the construction have been created, at the same time, the development speed of other industries also put forward higher requirements. "After the launch, further escalation in the construction of impetuosity ideas. However, all exposed in the" great leap forward "movement problems and chaos, and that Mao Zedong was deeply shocked. In the face of grim facts, Mao Zedong gradually calm down, and the central leadership in the first to correct" left "efforts.
During the period of the adjustment of the national economy, Mao Zedong thought of investigation and Research on the evolution of the same concern and discussion. After the "great leap forward" Mao Zedong to promote the in-depth study and practice, both in front of the national economy suffered great difficulties to the facts that it is urgent to adjust the party and government work ideas; is a critical period in the exploration of the law of socialist construction. Mao Zedong fine style of seeking truth from facts of our party's long since the formation of insisting on and developing. On the other hand, because of the situation, the wrong understanding and judgment of the situation, in 1960s Mao Zedong's socialist construction thought, and presents an original idea of taking economic construction as the center to the later to the class struggle of the ideological evolution in early 60s, eventually puts forward a series of important adjustment interrupts, its continuous development in the political and ideological The "left" idea became the fuse of the later "Cultural Revolution".
Beginning ten years of building socialism, is China's industry, agriculture, education, the construction of science and technology has made great achievements in ten years, which is the main aspect of the ten years development. In the course of socialist construction law, with Mao Zedong as the core of the CPC Central Committee in the political, economic, cultural and social fields the construction put forward many constructive ideas, accumulated a lot of valuable experience. At the same time, in a backward oriental country to explore the law of socialist construction, for lack of experience of the Communist Party China people is undoubtedly a serious challenge, therefore, in the exploration also appeared some serious mistakes. The expansion of economic construction the anxious and the class struggle on the two aspects of the main errors. Mao Zedong in the ten years of exploration and summary of the laws of socialist construction thought evolution, give us many It is a valuable inspiration. It tells us that we must explore the basic laws of economic development from the basic national conditions, grasp the main contradictions in socialist society, correctly handle contradictions among the people, and mobilize all positive factors to promote the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D232

【参考文献】