当代中国社会转型期公正问题的制度解析

发布时间：2018-01-10 00:02

本文关键词：当代中国社会转型期公正问题的制度解析　出处：《辽宁大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当前，中国社会正发生着一场大规模的、整体性的、复杂的社会变迁，原有的平衡的社会结构被打破，种种利益矛盾日益突显，多元化、复杂化的利益诉求主体不断显现。在利益重新调整、社会资源重新分配的过程中，诸多不公正现象暴露出来，引发大量的社会矛盾与冲突，严重吞噬着改革所释放的社会活力，制约着整个社会的发展进步。如何实现社会公正以保障社会良性运行，已成为一个不可回避、亟待解决的问题。而制度作为人的一种存在方式，通过引导和规范人的行为，进而维持社会的有序运转，推动社会的发展进步。从这个意义上说，公正的实现必须落实到制度层面，即在实现公正的制度化的同时，还要保证制度的公正，唯有如此，才能真正避免公正的实现流于空想。正基于此，本文立足于中国当代社会转型急遽变化的大背景，运用马克思主义唯物史观和制度分析方法，从制度视域透析社会不公正现象及其原因，力求探索出一条实现社会公正的解决路径。本文着重从制度维度探究当代中国社会转型期公正问题，，结构安排如下：一是公正、制度的基本理论。从公正的涵义界定入手，分析了公正与公平、正义、平均和平等的区别，阐述了公正的基本原则和基本类型。界定了制度的涵义和功能，论述了公正与制度的辩证关系，构建公正实现依赖于制度的理论基点。二是当代中国的社会转型与制度变迁。在阐释社会转型的涵义、内容和制度变迁的涵义、动力和方式的基础上，分别诠释了中国社会转型的独特性和制度变迁的整体性和复杂性，并以社会转型和制度变迁的辩证关系为理论依托，阐发了中国的社会转型其实质就是一种复杂的制度变迁，而社会转型的成功则有赖于一定制度条件的保障。三是当代中国社会转型期公正问题的突显。在梳理我国社会转型特点的基础上，分析改革开放以来我国在基本权利公正、机会公正、程序公正和结果公正方面取得的主要进展，在肯定成就的同时，客观地阐述改革开放以来在政治、经济、文化教育领域中公正缺失的主要表现。四是当代中国社会转型期公正问题的制度困境。本部分主要扎根于制度本身，而不是徘徊于制度之外，对我国社会转型期公正问题产生的原因进行深入透彻地分析。制度的公共性困境着眼于分析政府的本位利益与公共性规范之间的冲突，指出若处理不当会导致社会不公正；制度的有限性困境强调因制度主体的有限理性、制度自身的有限性，使得制度不是尽善尽美的，其缺陷会导致社会不公正；制度的权威性困境则重在分析因过于推崇制度、完全照章办事，导致手段与目的的脱节，在实践中产生不公正问题。五是当代中国社会转型期制度公正的实现条件和判断标准。主要从理论条件，即科学的人性假设；根本的物质条件，即符合社会物质生产状况；主体条件，即符合人的发展需要三个方面探讨了制度公正的实现条件，并从不同角度把制度公正的判断标准分为生产力标准、人的自由全面发展标准、历史性和普遍性标准。这三个标准是既相互独立又相互渗透，共同构成我国社会转型期判断制度公正的标准体系。六是当代中国社会转型期公正的制度构建。主要从应然和实然两个层面论证在社会转型期如何通过构建制度实现社会公正。就应然层面而言，重在从宏观视角、理念层面进行理论诠释；就实然层面而言，重在从微观领域的具体政策入手，构建公正实现的具体路径。总之，中国公正社会的构建是一项长期复杂的系统工程。随着社会转型进程的加快、加深，特别是各种思想文化价值观的碰撞需要我们不断地重新审视和设计制度，从而达到协调矛盾、抑恶扬善。当然，制度改革并不一定能够立刻带来显著的社会公正，但仅仅是改革本身也能够激发起人们对公正社会美好愿景的信心和希望，促进人们对公正问题的思考，并推动社会公正的解决，实现社会的进步。
[Abstract]:At present, China society is undergoing a massive, holistic, complex social change, social structure of the original balance is broken, all sorts of interests conflict, diversification, the main interests of the complicated interests appear constantly. In the process of re adjustment and allocation of social resources, a lot of injustice exposed, causing a large number of social contradictions and conflicts, seriously devouring social vitality by the release of the reform, restricting the development of the whole society. How to achieve social justice in order to ensure the benign operation of society, has become an unavoidable and urgent problem to be solved. And the system as a way of human existence, through to guide and regulate people's behavior, so as to maintain the orderly operation of the society, promoting social progress and development. In this sense, the realization of justice must be put into the system level, namely in the justice system Degree at the same time, but also to ensure the impartiality of the system, only in this way, can we truly achieve avoid into fantasy justice. Based on this, this paper based on the background of rapid changes in China contemporary social transformation, the use of Marx materialism and the method of system analysis, from the Perspective of dialysis social injustice phenomenon and its causes, and strive to explore a solution to the realization of social justice.
This article focuses on exploring the problem of justice in contemporary China social transformation from the system dimension, structure arrangement is as follows: one is the basic theory of justice, justice system. From the definition of the meaning of analysis of justice and fairness, justice and equality, the average difference, expounds the basic principles of justice and the basic type defines the meaning and function of the system. And discusses the dialectical relationship between fairness and justice system, constructing the theoretical basis depends on the system. The two is the social transformation and institutional change in contemporary Chinese. In the interpretation of the connotation of the social transformation, the content and the meaning of institutional change, based on the power and mode, respectively, the interpretation of the integrity and complexity of change China social transformation the uniqueness and the system, and the dialectical relationship between social transformation and institutional change theories, expounds the essence of China social transformation is a complex process of change, Social transformation success depends on certain conditions of system protection. Three is to highlight the problem of justice China period of contemporary social transformation. Based on analyzing the characteristics of social transformation in China, since reform and opening up in our country the basic rights of justice, equality of opportunity, the main progress of procedural justice and result justice, in sure. At the same time, objectively elaborated since the reform and opening up in the political, economic, cultural and educational fields mainly in the lack of justice. Four is the period of social transformation Chinese justice system the plight of contemporary. This section mainly rooted in the system itself, rather than wandering in the system, the causes of China's social transformation period of justice the in-depth analysis of the conflict between the interests of the public. The standard system dilemma focuses on government and public norms, pointed out that if the improper treatment may lead to social Injustice; finite dilemma system stresses due to limited rationality of subject system, limitation of the system itself, the system is not perfect, the defects will lead to social injustice; authoritative system focuses on the analysis of the predicament because of too respected system, full play by the rules, the separation of means and purpose, have no questions of justice practice. The realization of the five conditions and the judgment standard of contemporary social transition system China fair. Mainly from the theoretical conditions, namely the hypothesis of human nature of science; fundamental material conditions, that is consistent with the social material production status; the main conditions that meet the needs of development of the institutional conditions of realizing justice in three aspects, and from different perspective of the judgment standard of fair system is divided into the standard of productive forces, the comprehensive development of human freedom, historical and universal standards. The three standards are not only mutually independent And mutual penetration, together constitute the social transition of our country judge system justice standard system. The six is to build a system of justice in contemporary social transformation period China. Mainly from the two aspects of reality and demonstration in the period of social transition, how to construct the system to achieve social justice. It ought to be level, mainly from the macro perspective, concept level theoretical interpretation; on actual level, focusing on specific policy from the microcosmic field of construction of the specific path to realize justice.
In short, the construction China justice society is a long-term and complicated system engineering. With the acceleration of the process of social transformation, deepening, especially the collision of various ideological and cultural values that we need to re-examine and design the system, so as to achieve the coordination of contradictions, or good and evil. Of course, reform is not necessarily able to immediately bring significant social justice, but only to reform itself can stimulate the people to the justice society better vision of confidence and hope, promote people to think about the problem of justice, and promote the settlement of social justice, to achieve social progress.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D621

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