四明商业储蓄银行经营管理研究（1908-1937）

发布时间：2018-01-10 02:07

本文关键词：四明商业储蓄银行经营管理研究（1908-1937）　出处：《上海社会科学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：银行为一国经济之中心组织,百业之枢纽,其盛衰进退与国民经济关系至深。四明商业储蓄银行(下文简称"四明银行")是中国近代金融史上著名的"小四行"之一,创办于1908年,恰逢钱庄势力强盛而民族银行萌芽的新旧交替时期。其发展、转折以及最终走向衰败,基本反映了银行盛衰的历程,是近代私营商业银行成功经营的案例之一,也是商业银行引以为鉴的典型。因此,本文试图用新方法解构旧问题,用历史镜鉴现实。首先,本文概述了四明银行的兴衰发展历程。四明银行于创设初期,通过发钞、存款、储蓄业务三管齐下,抓住机遇迅速发展,并于20世纪30年代前期达到发展的巅峰。20世纪30年代中期,其在以往经营管理中所埋藏的风险隐患集中爆发,逐渐侵蚀行基,被国民政府趁虚而入,改组成为"官商合办"的银行。随后,本文运用现代商业银行经营管理理论分析了四明银行常规经营管理的特色,并着重研究了其风险管理。分析发现,四明银行在日常经营中非常注重发钞和储蓄业务的开展以获取资金;在日常管理中,行员等级明确、赏罚分明,重视与宁波帮之间的互惠互利,注重对银行声誉的维护。而其风险管理指标则有明显的时段特点,1930年及以前,各项指标良好,发展势头强劲。但是繁荣背后暗藏危机,前期风控的弱点于20世纪30年代中早期开始显现,并于20世纪30年代中期集中暴露,最终独木难支,走向衰落。接下来,本文通过建立VAR模型来分析四明银行经营管理对其盈利能力的影响,发现资产收益率和流动资产占比对资产收益率的影响较大,而信用贷款占比和成本收入比对资产收益率的影响相对较小。四明银行的资产收益率主要受到来自自身冲击的正影响,且这种影响具备长期效应。本文同时揭示了四明银行盈利能力的提高一定程度上依赖于信用贷款占比的提升,核心资本充足率亦对其盈利水平具有正向带动作用。在此基础上,本文结合时代背景分析得出四明银行发展的原因有以下三点:发钞、存款、储蓄业务三管齐下,为四明银行带来了源源不断的资金;资金运用得当且适逢其时,放贷的开展、大规模的房地产投资为四明银行获取了丰厚的利润;四明银行由著名宁波籍旅沪工商业者创办,在与宁波籍工商业者及其所办企业的互惠互利中长足发展。而其由盛转衰则内、外因兼有:其困难局面一定程度上是当时动荡的政治经济环境使然,大浪淘沙终将淘汰弱者;高管独揽大权、资金聚敛和运用不顾后患、经营理念保守等自身经营管理上的弊病成为其崩溃的内在原因,造成其进入20世纪30年代后外强中干,经不起金融动荡。本文认为,四明银行在经营管理方面的优点值得我国现代商业银行学习和借鉴,而其经营管理不善最终导致衰败也值得现代商业银行反思和警醒,并对我国现代商业银行的经营与改革提出可供参考的"六要二禁止"八条启示。
[Abstract]:The bank is the central organization of a country's economy and the hub of a hundred industries. Siming Commercial savings Bank (hereinafter referred to as "Siming Bank") is one of the famous "Xiao Si Xing" in the modern financial history of China, which was founded in 1908. It is one of the successful cases of private commercial banks in modern times. Its development, transition and final decline reflect the process of bank prosperity and decline, which is one of the successful cases of private commercial banks in modern times. It is also a typical example of commercial banks. Therefore, this paper attempts to use new methods to deconstruct old problems and use historical mirror to learn from reality. Firstly, this paper outlines the development process of Siming Bank, which was established at the initial stage. By issuing banknotes, deposits, savings business in a three-pronged approach, seize the opportunity to develop rapidly, and reached the peak of development in the early 1930s. The middle of 30s of the 20th century. In the past, the hidden risks were concentrated and erupted, gradually eroding the foundation of the line, and being reorganized into a "government-business joint bank" by the National Government. This paper analyzes the characteristics of Siming Bank's conventional management by using modern commercial bank management theory, and focuses on its risk management. Siming Bank attaches great importance to the development of banknote issuance and savings business in daily operation to obtain funds; In the daily management, the ranks of the practitioners are clear, rewards and penalties are clear, attention is paid to the mutual benefit between the Ningbo gang and the bank reputation, and the risk management indicators have obvious characteristics of the time period. In 1930 and before, the indicators were good and the momentum was strong. But there was a hidden crisis behind the boom, and weaknesses in early risk control began to emerge in mid-#date1#. And in the middle of 1930s, the concentrated exposure, and finally difficult to support, to decline. Next, this paper through the establishment of VAR model to analyze the impact of Siming bank management on its profitability. It is found that the ratio of return on assets and the proportion of current assets have a great influence on the rate of return on assets. The ratio of credit loan and cost to income has a relatively small impact on the return on assets. Siming Bank's return on assets is mainly affected by the impact of its own positive impact. And this impact has a long-term effect. At the same time, this paper reveals that the improvement of the profitability of Siming Bank depends to a certain extent on the increase of the proportion of credit loans. The core capital adequacy ratio also has a positive driving effect on its profit level. On this basis, this paper analyzes the background of the times and concludes that the reasons for the development of Siming Bank are as follows: issuing banknotes and deposits. The three-pronged savings business has brought a steady stream of funds to Siming Bank. The proper use of funds and the timing of lending, large-scale real estate investment for Siming Bank to obtain rich profits; Siming Bank was founded by famous businessmen from Ningbo to Shanghai and developed rapidly from prosperity to decline with the mutual benefit of Ningbo industrialists and businessmen and their enterprises. The external reasons include: to some extent, the difficult situation was caused by the turbulent political and economic environment at that time, and the weak would eventually be eliminated from the waves; The internal causes of its collapse are the maladies of its own management, such as monopolizing power, collecting funds and using them regardless of future troubles, conservative management ideas, etc., resulting in its entry into the foreign power after 1930s. This paper argues that the advantages of Siming Bank in management and management are worthy of our country's modern commercial banks to learn and learn from. But its management mismanagement finally causes the decline also to be worth the modern commercial bank introspection and the warning, and to our country modern commercial bank's management and the reform may provide for the reference "six want two forbidden" eight enlightenment.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.9

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