汉画像中熊图像研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 10:23

本文关键词：汉画像中熊图像研究　出处：《江苏师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汉画像艺术是汉代人留下的宝贵遗产,特别是作为“石质历史书”的汉画像石(砖)艺术,生动形象、包罗万象、丰富多彩地展现了汉代的政治、经济、文化等各个方面,是我们研究汉代历史、文化至关重要的一环。石器时代遗址中发掘出土大量的熊骨,红山文化、商周、春秋战国、秦代都发现了数量可观的熊图像。至汉代,各种艺术类型之上均雕饰有大量的熊图像,它们造型多样,既有前代的遗韵,又有汉代的特色。熊文化由来已久,借助汉代艺术大放异彩,在汉代文化中有举足轻重的地位。汉画像艺术中的熊图像造型丰富、雕绘生动、配置多样。将熊图像按照动作、造型进行分类可以更加深入、细致地解读其象征意义,大致可分为五类:舞蹈状的熊图像、搏斗状的熊图像、托举状的熊图像、持物状的熊图像、其它造型的熊图像。面对单幅无法准确解读其象征意义的熊图像,就需要利用周围或者整座墓穴的图像信息辅助解析。如此全面详细地研析汉画像中的熊图像,对研究熊图像的象征意义提供了非常重要的线索和方法。汉画像中如此多姿多态的熊图像,象征了丰富多彩的文化意义。每一姿态分别对应一类意象,但又可以归为神性和巫性两大类。如陪侍于西王母(东王公)旁的黄帝象征、舞蹈于仙境的瑞兽象征、端坐于雷车上的雷神象征、掌管升仙神药的司药统领象征、运送仙食仙露的“使者”象征等都归于神性象征;如幽都门神的象征、驱傩方相的象征等都属于巫性象征。还有击掌相对的阴阳修行象征、表现汉代尚力之风的山林野兽象征等等也包涵神性或巫性的因素,这些都显示汉代人对熊的狂热推崇。无论神熊亦或巫熊,都表明汉代崇熊观念与升仙信仰有关,从墓中至墓外,从“炼形之宫”、升仙之路至踏入仙境都伴有熊,熊成了汉代人追求升仙不死的保护之神、司药统领、接引使者。如此辉煌灿烂的汉代熊文化既有对前代源远流长的熊文化的继承,同时又是结合汉代的黄老之学、升仙长生等思想作出的新发展。
[Abstract]:Han portrait art is a valuable legacy left by Han Dynasty people, especially as "stone history book" Han stone (brick) art, vivid image, all-encompassing, colorful display of the Han Dynasty politics, economy. Culture and other aspects of our study of the history of the Han Dynasty, culture is a crucial link. Stone Age sites excavated a large number of bear bones, Hongshan culture, Shang and Zhou, Spring and Autumn warring States. Qin Dynasty has found a considerable number of bear images. To the Han Dynasty, all kinds of art types are carved on a large number of bear images, they have a variety of shapes, both the rhyme of the previous generation, as well as the characteristics of the Han Dynasty. Bear culture has a long history. With the help of Han Dynasty art, it plays an important role in the culture of Han Dynasty. The bear image in Han portrait art is rich in shape, vivid in carving and various in configuration. Modeling classification can be more in-depth, meticulous interpretation of its symbolic significance, can be divided into five categories: dancing bear image, wrestling bear image, lifting bear image, holding object bear image. In the face of a single bear image which can not accurately interpret its symbolic meaning, it is necessary to use the image information of the surrounding or the whole tomb to assist in the analysis. The bear image in the Chinese portrait is analyzed in such a comprehensive and detailed manner. It provides a very important clue and method to study the symbolic meaning of bear image. The bear image of Han Dynasty is so varied that it symbolizes the rich and colorful cultural significance. Each gesture corresponds to a kind of image respectively. However, it can be classified as divinity and witchcraft, such as the symbol of Huangdi accompanying the west king mother (east king male), the symbol of dancing in fairyland, and the symbol of thunder god sitting on the thunder car. In charge of the ascendant god medicine, the director of medicine symbolizes, and the "messenger" symbol of transporting immortal food fairy dew is attributed to the symbol of divinity; Such as the symbol of the door god of Youdu, the symbol of exorcism and so on belong to the symbol of witchcraft, as well as the symbol of Yin and Yang spiritual practice, the symbol of mountain forest and wild animal, which represents the wind of Shang Li in the Han Dynasty, and so on, which also includes the factors of divinity or witchcraft. These all show that the people of the Han Dynasty are fanatical about bears. Neither the god bear nor the witch bear shows that the concept of worshiping bears in the Han Dynasty is related to the belief of the ascendant, from the tomb to the outside of the tomb, from the "palace of chameleon". The road to immortal into the fairyland are accompanied by bears, Xiong became the Han Dynasty people pursue the immortal immortal protection god, the director of medicine. The splendid bear culture of the Han Dynasty not only inherits the bear culture of the previous generation, but also is a new development of the thought of Huang Lao's study, the ascending immortal and the everlasting life of the Han Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K879.4

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