英语政治演讲辞中的隐喻研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 23:33

本文关键词：英语政治演讲辞中的隐喻研究　出处：《安徽大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人们每时每刻都在有意无意地使用着隐喻。隐喻的影子不但出现在文学作品中,也存在于政治、科技、宗教等各个领域。对隐喻的研究虽历史悠久,但直到由Lakoff和Johnson合作的旷世之作《我们赖以生存的隐喻》问世,才标志着从全新视角审视隐喻的时代正式到来。至此,隐喻的认知功能逐渐得到国内外专家学者的广泛关注。不同领域专家学者达成一致观点：隐喻不仅是一种语言现象还是一种认知现象。政治演说是西方政治文体的一种主要方式,在西方政治生活中扮演着极其重要的角色。政治家往往通过各自的演说达到一定的政治目的。而演说辞中的政治术语对广大民众来说往往是相当抽象、陌生的。为了说服民众接受政治价值观、形成共同的意识形态,大多数的政治演说家们选择用形象生动、通俗易懂的表达方式来表达抽象复杂的政治概念,而隐喻也自然成了他们的首选。美国总统演说是政治演说的一种重要方式,其政治观点明确、说服力强,是一种典型的政治语篇,这一特点在美国最近两位总统(乔治.W.布什,以下简称小布什和奥巴马)发表的一系列政治演说中得以充分表现。在全球政治经济动荡不安的大环境下,美国领导人的演说势必要鼓励美国民众,给予他们希望。本文在概念隐喻理论的框架指导下,选取了小布什和奥巴马二位总统在不同场合下发表的近12篇政治演讲辞作为语料分析对象。这些语料均出自两位总统执政期间在重大场合发表的演说辞且先后相关网站下载获得。本文通过对这些文本中源域和目标域映射机制的系统分析,旨在归纳出概念隐喻三方面如何在政治演说辞中体现,总结出在总统政治语篇中概念隐喻哪一方面更受青睐,从而揭示出美国领导人是如何通过隐喻来鼓舞美国民众并获得他们对各自执政时期政府的大力支持。为了更好地说明政治演说辞中的隐喻,文章采用实例分析法,定性和定量法在论述中均有所使用。定性法旨在挖掘美国总统政治演说辞概念隐喻选择；定性分析法旨在探索总统演说辞中概念隐喻的三个方面。在研究过程中笔者发现,‘隐喻普遍存在于总统演说辞中。隐喻作为人们认知世界的一种手段能够有效地揭示人们的思想和观点。总统演说辞中把人和物作为源域,以政治经济事件、国家和政府作为目标域,政治革新、经济发展、国家和政府所采取的各项措施等映射到路程、建筑过程、人或其他事物上,形成了源域和目标域之间的映射机制。综合上所述,本研究的发现证实了政治语篇中存在着大量隐喻,隐喻的使用可以使普通民众更容易理解政治术语。一方面,有利于更好地理解政治语篇,从认知的角度对美国国内外的行政措施作出一个全新的解读。另一方面,有助于英语语言学习者更好地理解政治语篇措词的语义扩展,深化隐喻的研究。在一定程度上弥补了目前概念隐喻在政治语篇方面中研究的不足。
[Abstract]:We are in the use of metaphor metaphor naturally or half unconsciously. The shadow not only in literary works, but also in the political, science and technology, every field of religion. Although the study of metaphor has a long history, but the metaphor we live until > by Lakoff and Johnson cooperation Tour de force "come out, mark at the era of metaphor from a new perspective of the official arrival. Thus, the cognitive function of metaphor has been widely concerned by the domestic and foreign experts in different fields. Experts and scholars reached a consensus: metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon or a cognitive phenomenon.
Political speech is one of the main ways of Western political style, plays a very important role in western political life. Politicians often reached through their speech to certain political purposes. But political speeches in terms of the majority of people are often quite abstract, unfamiliar. In order to persuade people to accept the political values. The most common form of ideology, political speakers with vivid expression, easy to express abstract and complex political concept, and metaphor also naturally become their first choice.
The president's speech is an important way of political speech, its political views clear, persuasive, is a typical political discourse, the characteristics in the last two presidents (George.W. Bush, hereinafter referred to as George W. Bush and Obama) can embody a series of political speech. In global politics the turbulent economic environment, is bound to speech of the leaders of the United States to encourage Americans to give them hope. Based on the framework of conceptual metaphor theory, selected 12 political speeches of George W. Bush Obama and the two presidents issued in different occasions of speech as the corpus analysis object. These data are from published on occasion during the two presidential ruling speech and has related website. Through systematic analysis on these texts in the source domain and the target domain mapping mechanism, in order to summarize How conceptual metaphor three aspects embodied in political speeches, the president summed up in the conceptual metaphor in political discourses which is more popular, thus revealing the leaders of the United States is how to inspire the American people and gain their support of their respective government vigorously during the reign of holding through metaphor.
In order to better explain metaphors in political speeches, the article uses the example analysis, qualitative and quantitative methods have been used in this paper. The president of the United States aimed at mining qualitative politicalspeeches conceptual metaphor; designed to explore three aspects of the presidential speeches of conceptual metaphors in qualitative analysis.
I found in the research process, "metaphor is pervasive in the presidential speech. Metaphor as a means of understanding the world, can effectively reveal people's ideas and opinions. Presidential speeches to people and things as the source domain, the political and economic events, the state and the government as the target domain, political reform. Economic development, national mapping and government to take various measures to distance, construction process, or other things, forming a mapping between source domain and target domain.
Overall the findings of this study confirmed the existence of a large number of metaphors in political discourse, metaphor can be used to make ordinary people easier to understand political terms. On the one hand, is conducive to a better understanding of the political discourse, made a new interpretation of the domestic and foreign administrative measures from the perspective of cognition. On the other hand, is helpful to English language learners have a better understanding of political discourse semantic wording extension, deepening the study of metaphor. In a certain extent make up for the current lack of conceptual metaphors in political discourse in the study.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H315

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