1997年以来的英国对非援助政策评价

发布时间：2018-01-19 07:21

本文关键词： 国际发展援助英国非洲英国外交　出处：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文研究了自布莱尔新工党政府以来英国对非援助政策的演变。国际发展援助是国际政治经济学中的一个重要课题,也是当今世界各国外交政策中的重要一环。援助国出于各种理由和目的,例如对政治经济和文化利益的追求、对大国战略的考虑以及对国际援助章程的响应等,制定对外援助政策,对受援国提供一定的人力、物力和财力援助,从而对受援国的发展起一定影响。目前,现实主义理论在这一领域占主导地位,本文的研究也基于这一理论范式,对英国对非援助的原因、目的、政策变化做一系列的分析。在传统的现实主义理论支撑下,本文还力图分析英国不同政党间国际援助政策的延续性,具体阐述卡梅伦在国际金融危机后外援资金不减反增的内部和外部因素,就援非对于英国的意义依据其实践的最新发展作出新评价。英国对外援助政策自布莱尔时期以来经历了一系列的改革和变化,而在卡梅伦时期得到了延续和进一步发展。这一延续和发展,虽然表面看起来与英国保守党一贯的外援政策取向相左,但从实质上看体现了英国外援政策的延续性,以及冷战之后英国追求国家利益、彰显大国地位的考量。除了这些延续性,这两个时期对非援助同样也有一些调整变化。英国对外援助政策变化主要受到四个因素的影响:与受援国的历史联系,国际社会对外援助政策变化,政治领导的个人倾向,以及对国家利益的追求。英国对非援助与英非关系的历史息息相关。历史上,英国对非洲援助是英国对非洲实行殖民统治过程中的副产品。而非洲殖民者地独立后,英联邦继续成为维系英国和前殖民地国家的政治纽带,英联邦成员国也继续接受英国的对外援助。而国际援助计划的制定,如联合国千年计划,则对布莱尔及之后的英国政府的对外援助对象和援助形式的选择产生了影响。基于千年计划框架,英国对于非英联邦国家的非洲贫困地区增加了援助额,同时取消了大部分的绑定援助项目。作为英国对外政策的重要一环,英国对非援助的意义对于英国和受援国都十分深远。作为援助国,英国通过对外援助保持其国际影响力,继续追求其在国际发展事务中的领导作用,增强自身文化软实力的输出,保持与受援国的商贸关系。而受援国通过接受英国的援助,在基础设施、卫生等领域得到了或多或少的改善,并且能更好地度过突发性疾病等危机。但在其它方面,如解决当地动乱,除维和手段,英国也和其余的西方援助国一样,存在对受援国的内政实行过度干预的倾向。而这样的干预往往达不到预期的效果。本文第一部分是导言,指出了本研究的选题意义、国际对外援助的一些基本理论概念、相关研究状况以及本文的创新所在。第二部分对英国对非援助的历史做简要回顾,更好地了解布莱尔改革前的英国对外援助政策。第三部分和第四部分则分别分析了布莱尔时期和卡梅伦执政之后的改革和变化,对于英国国际发展部的创立,千年计划和911袭击后的国际环境,以及卡梅伦对工党外援政策的继承和变革做了相关分析。第五部分则将英国国际发展援助按目的分为三类:发展援助、维护当地秩序,以及突发性危机援助,并分别结合案例做分析。最后的第六部分作为结论,通过总结英国布莱尔时期以来对非援助政策的变化及其相关影响因素,并结合英国脱欧公投这一重大变局带来的影响,对英国对外援助将面临的挑战及影响因素做出前瞻性的预测。
[Abstract]:This paper studies from Blair's New Labour government in Britain since the non aid policy. The evolution of international development assistance is an important topic in the international political economics, but also in today's foreign policy in the world an important part of the country. Aid for various reasons and purposes, such as the political economic and cultural interests of the pursuit of power strategy the articles of Association for international assistance and response. The formulation of foreign aid policy, provide manpower to the recipient, material and financial assistance to the recipient of the development effect. At present, realism theory occupies the dominant position in this field, this study is based on the theory of paradigm. The reason, the British aid to Africa, policy changes do a series of analysis. In the traditional realism theory, this paper tries to analyze the different parties of international aid policy Continuity, Cameron specifically addressed in the international financial crisis after foreign aid does not reduce the internal and external factors increased, will aid in the UK based on the latest development of the practical significance of making new evaluation. Britain's foreign aid policy has experienced reform and a series of changes since the days of Blair has been a continuation and further development in the Cameron period. The continuation and development, although the surface looks with the British Conservative Party's foreign aid policy at odds, but essentially reflects the continuity of British foreign aid policy, and after the cold war the British pursuit of national interests, highlighting the power status of consideration. In addition to these continuity, this period of two aid also has some changes. The British foreign aid policy change is mainly affected by four factors: the historical connection with the recipient of foreign aid policy of international society Political leadership, personal preference, and the pursuit of national interests. The British aid to Africa and the history of the relationship between Chinese and English are closely related. The history of British aid to Africa is the by-product of British colonial rule in the process of Africa and Africa. The colonist after independence, the Commonwealth to become the maintenance of Britain and former colonial countries the political ties, a member of the Commonwealth will continue to accept the British foreign aid and international aid plan, such as the United Nations millennium plan for Blair and the British government's foreign aid and assistance in the form of choice was influenced. The millennium plan based on the framework for non British Commonwealth countries increase the amount of aid to poor areas of Africa, but canceled the most binding aid project. As an important part of British foreign policy, the significance of British aid to Africa for the UK and the recipient Chinese are very far-reaching. As donor countries, Britain through foreign aid to maintain its international influence, continue to pursue its leading role in the development of international affairs, enhance its output of cultural soft power, to maintain trade relations with the recipient. The recipient and by accepting British aid, in infrastructure, health and other fields has been more or less improved, and better able to survive the crisis of sudden illness. But in other aspects, such as solving the local unrest, in addition to peacekeeping means, Britain and the rest of the western donors, is the recipient of the implementation of internal affairs. And this tendency of excessive intervention intervention often failed to achieve the desired results in the first. Part is the introduction, pointed out the significance of this research, the international foreign aid of some of the basic theoretical concepts, research status and innovation of this article. The second part of the United Kingdom to aid Help to do a brief review of history, a better understanding of the British foreign aid policy Blair before the reform. The third part and the fourth part were analyzed after Blair period and Cameron's reform and change, for the creation of the UK Department for international development, the millennium plan and the 911 attack by the international environment, and Cameron of the Labor Party foreign aid policy the inheritance and change of the correlation analysis. The fifth part is to the British international development assistance according to divided into three categories: development assistance, maintenance of local social order, and the sudden crisis aid, and were combined with case analysis. The sixth part finally as a conclusion, through the summary of Blair since the period of British aid to Africa and its policy change the related factors, and combined with the influence of the British off the European referendum this major change brings the challenge and impact on British foreign aid will face factors make A forward-looking forecast.

【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D856.1

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