21世纪以来美国墨西哥移民问题

发布时间：2018-01-19 09:40

本文关键词： 美国墨西哥移民墨西哥裔美国人美国移民群体美国边境控制　出处：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：墨西哥移民是美国最大的移民群体,在美国移民史上占有重要地位。本文从美国墨西哥移民的历史、对美国的影响、当前问题及其应对措施和发展趋势等方面阐述21世纪以来的墨西哥移民问题。本文第一章回顾了美国墨西哥移民的历史。从初到美国开始,除30年代的低谷外,美国的墨西哥移民数量基本处于上升态势,70年代后更是大幅增加,这其中有很大一部分原因是墨西哥经济不景气及美国劳动力需求旺盛。本文第二章探讨了美国墨西哥移民当前面临的问题。由于长期以来的收入偏低、贫困率高、受教育程度低等原因,他们的职业结构趋于边缘化,处于美国社会底层。这也导致他们的参政意识薄弱,未能发挥出与自身人口数量相称的政治影响力。本文第三章分析了墨西哥移民对美国的主要影响。从初到美国开始,墨西哥移民就为美国持续提供大量廉价劳动力,并带来巨大的消费市场。但与此同时,他们也对本土及其他种族群体工人的就业机会及工作待遇造成了一定的负面影响,对美国的公共福利系统带来了负担,由此产生了种族矛盾及冲突。本文第四章总结了美国政府为应对墨西哥移民问题采取的措施,并展望了该群体未来的发展趋势。美国政府的应对措施主要包括加强边境控制及增进美墨双边协商,墨西哥移民群体的发展趋势是人口继续增加、政治影响力逐渐增强、面临更严重的种族歧视及敌意。美国墨西哥移民问题在短期内很难从根本上得到解决,但他们在美国的政治、经济、社会发展进程中扮演的角色必将日益重要。
[Abstract]:Mexican immigrants are the largest immigrant group in the United States and play an important role in the history of American immigrants. The first chapter reviews the history of Mexican immigrants in the United States from the beginning to the United States. In addition to the low point in 30s, the number of Mexican immigrants in the United States is basically on the rise. This is due in large part to Mexico's economic downturn and the strong demand for labor in the United States. The second chapter discusses the current problems faced by Mexican immigrants in the United States because of their low income for a long time. Because of their high poverty rate and low level of education, their professional structure tends to be marginalized and they are at the bottom of American society, which also leads to their weak sense of political participation. The third chapter analyzes the main impact of Mexican immigrants on the United States. From the beginning to the United States. Mexican immigrants continue to provide the United States with a lot of cheap labor and a huge consumer market. But at the same time. They have also had a negative impact on employment opportunities and job benefits for local and other ethnic groups, placing a burden on the public welfare system in the United States. The 4th chapter summarizes the measures taken by the US government to deal with the problem of Mexican immigrants. The future development trend of this group is prospected. The American government's response measures mainly include strengthening border control and enhancing bilateral consultation between the United States and Mexico. The development trend of the Mexican immigrant group is the population continues to increase. Growing political influence, facing more racial discrimination and hostility. The problem of Mexican immigrants in the United States is difficult to solve fundamentally in the short term, but their political and economic problems in the United States. The role played in the process of social development is bound to become increasingly important.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D873.1;D871.2

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