美国全球战略与日本战争赔偿方式演变研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 09:43

本文关键词： 美国全球战略日本战争赔偿　出处：《西北师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：美国作为一个后起的资本主义国家,其国家安全战略的形成比其他资本主义国家要晚。在20世纪初之前,美国在国际社会中一直处于相对独立的状态,国家安全没有受到严重威胁,美国政府认为这种状态可以避免其他国家与本国的纷争。但是随着历史的向前推移,这种状态已逐渐不适应美国政治、经济、文化发展的趋势,美国不得不转变思维,开始制订其国家安全战略。而对于日本战争赔偿事务的参与,则是美国开启国家安全战略转型的契机。战争赔偿则是战争结束后,战败国对战争受害国物力、财力等方面的补偿行为,它关系到战争受害国的损失能否得到公正的补偿。另外,战争赔偿还是一种对战败国精神及道义上的谴责及惩罚,因此战争赔偿在整个国际关系史上就显得十分重要。第二次世界大战以后,美国实力大增,开始酝酿并筹划其新的国家安全战略。与此同时,美国以主要战胜国的身份对战败国日本实行了单独占领,因此也就对日本的战争赔偿政策握有相当大的主动权。根据当时实际情况,美国政府制订了严苛的对日赔偿政策,以防止日本的法西斯势力东山再起。然而,随着国际形势的不断变化,美国在调整其全球战略的同时,对日政策开始发生转变,对日本的战争赔偿尺度也逐渐放松,甚至一度有过支持日本不履行赔偿义务的行为。战后美国对日本的赔偿政策历经数次变动,逐渐宽松,赔偿方式也经历了从实物拆迁赔偿到劳务赔偿再到资本赔偿的两次转变。这一系列的转变自始至终都是以美国全球战略的适时调整而随之转变的。在整个赔偿政策的制订以及赔偿方式的转变过程中,美国为其全球战略披上道德的外衣,将日本的战争赔偿纳入了其全球战略的棋局。与此同时,日本也抓住时机,变被动接受美国安排为主动根据本国利益对赔偿政策进行调整,努力适应,不断将惩罚性的战争赔偿转变为复兴本国经济道路的方式之一。因此,可以说美日两国在战争赔偿问题上进行了一场互利的博弈。
[Abstract]:As a late-rise capitalist country, the United States' national security strategy was formed later than other capitalist countries. Until the beginning of 20th century, the United States had been relatively independent in the international community. There is no serious threat to national security, and the United States government believes that this state of affairs can avoid disputes between other countries and their own countries. But as history goes on, this state of affairs has gradually become unsuited to American politics and economy. In the trend of cultural development, the United States had to change its thinking and begin to formulate its national security strategy. It is the opportunity for the United States to start the transformation of national security strategy. War compensation is the compensation behavior of the defeated countries to the material resources and financial resources of the victims of the war after the end of the war. In addition, war compensation is still a kind of condemnation and punishment to the spirit and morality of the defeated country. Therefore, war compensation is very important in the whole history of international relations. After the second World War, the United States grew in strength and began to plan its new national security strategy. At the same time, the United States began to plan its new national security strategy. The United States, as a major victorious nation, occupied the defeated country Japan separately, so it had a considerable initiative over Japan's war compensation policy, according to the actual situation at that time. The US government has formulated a strict policy of compensation to Japan in order to prevent Japan's fascist forces from reviving. However, with the continuous changes in the international situation, the United States is adjusting its global strategy at the same time. The policy toward Japan began to change, and the measure of war compensation to Japan was gradually relaxed, and there had even been acts of support for Japan's failure to fulfill its compensatory obligations. After the war, the compensation policy of the United States to Japan underwent several changes. Gradually loosening up. The way of compensation has also experienced two changes from physical demolition compensation to labor compensation and then to capital compensation. This series of changes have been followed by the timely adjustment of the global strategy of the United States. In the process of making the policy and changing the compensation method. The United States put a moral coat on its global strategy, including Japan's war compensation in its global strategy chess game. At the same time, Japan also seized the opportunity. Instead of passively accepting the arrangement of the United States as one of the ways to actively adjust the compensation policy according to its own interests, to make efforts to adapt, and to constantly transform punitive war compensation into one of the ways of reviving its own economic path. It can be said that the United States and Japan on the issue of war compensation for a mutually beneficial game.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K153

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