我国警察武器使用制度问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 03:44

本文关键词： 警察权武器使用使用困境警察权益　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我们国家改革开放的进一步深化,我国国内各阶层的社会流动和文化交流越发的频繁,并且也越来越受到西方思想文化的影响。国家在社会政治、经济和文化方面正经历着深刻的变革。在社会转型的过程中,就极易产生一些不和谐的因素,特别是由于社会流动增加和思想文化改变所带来的社会治安问题越发的严重。近几年,国内也了相继出现了一些暴恐案件,比如:“3.01昆明火车站事件”、13年的“金水桥事件”、09年“乌鲁木齐打砸抢事件”等等,社会公众对警察开枪使用武器这些事件也都不再感到陌生,关注度也越来越高。而警察之所以能够合法的使用武器主要是因为法律赋予了警察武器使用权。警察的武器使用权是警察权的重要组成部分,它的合法使用一方面有助于警察实现法律赋予的职责——维护好公共安全和公民合法的人身财产安全;另一方面也能够保护好警察自身的安全。警察权属于行政权的一种,本身就具有一定的膨胀性和宽阔的自由裁量性。武器本身也具有高伤害性,则更容易侵害公民的生命健康权,造成不可挽回的损失。因此,社会公众则把更多的目光聚焦到了警察使用武器的合法性和规范性上,渴求在现有的武器使用制度的基础上,制定一个科学、合理、易操作的武器使用制度。而这就需要我们谨慎的处理好警察的公权力与公民私权利之间的关系。文章通过分析近期社会上出现的警察使用武器的案例,并对武器使用制度中相关的法律规定进行梳理,指出我国目前警察在使用武器的过程中普遍存在着不敢、不会、不愿使用武器的情况,并指出这些问题的出现主要是因为规范警察武器使用的法律规定过于原则,不具有操作性。特别是《人民警察使用警械和武器条例》第九条规定的可以使用武器的情况过于笼统,在警察处于可能使用武器那样危险的情况下,根本不可能有时间进行详细准确的判断。在警察使用武器的警告程序方面前后规定也不一致。并且由于武器使用后一般会对公民的人身和财产安全产生一定的损害,这就要求我们在使用武器后要去妥善处理事后的赔偿事宜。因此,文章通过介绍美、英、日三个国家的警察武器使用制度,并从文化背景、基本特点,履行职责的方式以及未来的发展趋势这几个方面做出了比较,以求能够对我国的武器使用制度的完善提供一些经验。并从法律依据的完善,完善武器使用的相关制度,建立有关配套使用机制等几个方面,提出了完善我国警察武器使用制度的建议。并且本文除了说明要加强对于警察武器使用权的限制之外,更重要的是指出了我们要注意保护好警察自身的合法权益,比如建议我们建立心理疏导机构关注下警察自身的心理问题;建立和媒体良性沟通机制,消除公民误解,树立警察的执法权威等等,以求能够真正的完善警察的武器使用制度。
[Abstract]:With the further deepening of our country's reform and opening up, the social mobility and cultural exchange among different strata of our country become more and more frequent, and are more and more influenced by western ideology and culture. Economic and cultural aspects are undergoing profound changes. In the process of social transformation, it is easy to produce some disharmonious factors. Especially due to the increase of social mobility and ideological and cultural changes brought by the social security problems are becoming more and more serious. In recent years, there have been a number of violent terrorist cases in China. For example: "3. 01 Kunming Railway Station incident", 13 years "Jinshui Bridge incident", 2009 "Urumqi smashing and looting incident" and so on. The public is no longer unfamiliar with the use of weapons by the police. The reason why the police can use weapons legally is mainly because the law gives the police the right to use weapons. The right to use weapons is an important part of the police power. On the one hand, its legal use is helpful for the police to realize the duty entrusted by law-to safeguard public safety and citizens' lawful personal and property security; On the other hand, it can also protect the security of the police itself. The police power is a kind of executive power, which has a certain expansion and broad discretion. The weapon itself is also highly harmful. Therefore, the public focus more on the legality and normality of the use of weapons by the police. Desire to develop a scientific and rational system based on the existing weapons use system. Easy to operate weapons use system. And this requires us to carefully handle the relationship between the public power of the police and the private rights of citizens. And the relevant legal provisions in the weapons use system are combed, pointing out that the current police in the use of weapons in the process of generally do not dare, will not, do not want to use weapons. It is pointed out that these problems arise mainly because the legal provisions regulating the use of police weapons are too principled. Not operational... in particular, the circumstances in which weapons may be used under article 9th of the regulations on the use of Police Ordnance and weapons by the people's Police are too general, in cases where the police are as dangerous as the possibility of the use of weapons. It is impossible to have time to make detailed and accurate judgments. There is also inconsistency in the warning procedures for the use of weapons by the police. And since the use of weapons generally results in certain damage to the personal and property safety of citizens. Damage. This requires us to properly deal with the issue of compensation after the use of weapons. Therefore, the article through the introduction of the United States, Britain, Japan, three countries of the police weapons use system, and from the cultural background, basic characteristics. In order to provide some experience for the improvement of the system of weapon use in our country, this paper makes a comparison between the ways of performing duties and the development trend in the future, and from the perfection of legal basis. Improve the relevant system of the use of weapons, the establishment of supporting use mechanism and other aspects. This paper puts forward some suggestions to perfect the system of police weapon use in our country, and in addition to explaining that we should strengthen the restriction of the right to use the police weapon. It is more important to point out that we should pay attention to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the police, such as the establishment of psychological counseling agencies under the attention of the police's own psychological problems; To establish a sound communication mechanism with the media, to eliminate misunderstandings among citizens, to establish the law enforcement authority of the police, and so on, in order to truly improve the weapon use system of the police.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.14

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