北宋参知政事研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 15:35

本文关键词： 北宋政治参知政事职能　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：参知政事始见于唐代贞观年间。北宋初年,太祖赵匡胤重置参知政事,作为宰相副贰,协助宰相处理国家大事。元丰改制后该职位曾短暂被废除,南宋初年复置参知政事,继续行使副宰相职权。自北宋初年始,参知政事一职延续了四百余年,职权几经变迁,直至明初被废。宋朝是参知政事一职制度化建设的重要时期,其职权较为稳定,处于北宋朝廷中枢地位,对北宋的政治格局产生了非常重要的影响。论文试图对北宋参知政事的建置、职权及其地位问题进行考察,探讨北宋政治发展和演变线索及其基本特征,进而推动北宋政治史领域的相关研究。本论文除绪论外,主要分为四章。第一章为北宋参知政事的建置。主要探讨北宋参知政事的设置时间、原因,人员建置以及政治经济待遇等问题。北宋参知政事始置于宋太祖时期,最初是为了协助宰相工作,建置一般为二至四人,但也有特殊情况,特殊情况为不设参政或只设一人。宋朝厚待文官,参知政事在政治待遇和经济待遇上都非常优厚。北宋时期,吏部考课官员通常为三年一次,一般情况下官员若无较大差错皆给予升迁,但北宋参知政事的任期却长短不一,最长任期超过九年,最短任期只有一个月,本章还将会分析其具体原因。第二章为北宋参知政事的职权范围,主要研究参知政事的职掌。北宋时,参知政事的首要职能便是参议朝政,协助宰相处理政务以及制定国家的大政方针。此外,参知政事在朝廷人事任免上也有一定的话语权,能够向皇帝推荐官员,并对其他职位调动提出意见,甚至还能影响皇帝对于后妃的册封。有时,参知政事还会被皇帝指派去从事某项具体工作,例如改革政治经济制度,编纂典籍,参与经济工作,掌管典礼仪式等。当地方上发生较为重大的事件时,参知政事还会受到朝廷委派,代表中央出巡各地,在地方上行使权力。第三章为参知政事的选任与迁出。主要研究北宋参知政事的仕履情况,搜集文献资料,通过表格列表展示北宋参知政事的入仕途径、起家官品、迁入与迁出情况等问题,并从北宋科举、恩荫、官员选任的角度对这些情况进行具体分析。第四章为参知政事与宰相的关系。主要探讨参知政事在北宋政治生活中的地位和角色问题。宋太祖设置参知政事的最初目的是协助宰相工作,但后来参知政事成为了分割宰相权力的工具。北宋时期,参知政事对于宰相主要是依附与协助的关系,但皇帝的意志和任职官员的能力及性格有时会改变这种依附关系,参知政事有时可以与宰相分庭抗礼,甚至凌驾于宰相之上。宰相与参政关系的变化体现出鲜明的人治特色。
[Abstract]:In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin, the Taizu, reshuffled the political affairs and helped the prime minister handle state affairs. After the reform of the Yuan Feng system, the post was briefly abolished. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, he continued to exercise the power of deputy prime minister. Since the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, the post of political participation has lasted for more than 400 years, and the power has changed several times. Until the early Ming Dynasty was abolished. The Song Dynasty is an important period of the institutionalization construction of the office of participation in political affairs, its power is relatively stable, in the central position of the Northern Song Dynasty. This paper attempts to investigate the establishment, authority and status of the Northern Song Dynasty, and discuss the clues and basic characteristics of the political development and evolution of the Northern Song Dynasty. In addition to the introduction, this paper is mainly divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty political affairs. It mainly discusses the setting time and reasons of the Northern Song Dynasty political affairs. Personnel construction and political and economic treatment and other issues. The Northern Song Dynasty before the political affairs were placed in the Song Dynasty Taizu period, initially to assist the prime minister work, generally for two to four people, but there are special circumstances. The special case is that there is no political participation or only one person. The Song Dynasty treated civil officials well and knew that the political treatment and economic treatment were very good. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the officials of the official department usually took the examination once every three years. In general, officials are given promotion if there are no big mistakes, but the Northern Song Dynasty, the term of office is different, the longest term of office is more than nine years, the shortest term of office is only one month. This chapter will also analyze the specific reasons. The second chapter is the terms of reference of the Northern Song Dynasty, mainly to study the role of participation in political affairs. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the primary function of participation in political affairs is to participate in the government. Assist the prime minister to deal with government affairs and formulate the general policy of the country. In addition, participants in government affairs in the appointment and removal of the court also have a certain right of speech, can recommend officials to the emperor, and other positions to express their views. It can even influence the emperor's canonization of the imperial concubine. In some cases, the emperor will also be appointed by the emperor to do some specific work, such as reforming the political and economic system, compiling books, and participating in economic work. In charge of ceremonies, etc. When there are more important events in the place, the participants will also be appointed by the court, on behalf of the central inspection tour. In the local exercise of power. Chapter three is the selection and removal of participation in political affairs. It mainly studies the official office of Northern Song Dynasty, collects the literature, and shows the ways of the Northern Song Dynasty to participate in political affairs through tables and tables. Starting official products, moving in and out of the situation, and from the Northern Song Dynasty imperial examination, Yan Yin. Chapter 4th deals with the relationship between the political affairs and the prime minister. It mainly discusses the status and role of the political affairs in the Northern Song Dynasty. The Song Taizu sets up the most important part in the political life of the Northern Song Dynasty. The primary purpose was to assist the prime minister in his work. However, participation in political affairs became a tool to divide the power of the prime minister. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the relationship between the government and the prime minister was mainly dependent and assisted. However, the will of the emperor and the ability and character of the official sometimes change the attachment, and sometimes the government can compete with the prime minister. Even above the prime minister, the relationship between the prime minister and political participation reflects the distinctive characteristics of the rule of man.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K244

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