评价理论视角下的美国国情咨文语篇分析

发布时间：2018-02-05 01:52

本文关键词： 评价理论国情咨文语篇分析　出处：《山东师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“国情咨文”是美国总统按照美国惯例每年年初向国会发表的年度报告。国情咨文亦可称为美国政府的施政纲领，主要阐明美国总统每年面临的国内外情况以及政府将要采取的政策措施。本研究以Martin等人的评价理论为理论依据，以美国国情咨文为语料，旨在探析国情咨文中不同评价资源的分布状况及其原因。由马丁等学者创建的评价理论，是在系统功能语言学基础上对人际意义的新发展。它研究的是语言使用者通过语言来传递对他人及事物的态度，表明态度的来源和所涉及的情感强度。评价理论包括三个子系统：态度、介入和级差。态度是说话者对描述对象(人、事物和事件)所持有的态度,是评价理论的核心；介入反映的是说话者参与话语的方式和程度；级差则是用来表述态度强弱的等级。评价理论一直被广泛应用于各种类型的语篇分析，如新闻、广告、政治演讲等。然而，评价理论对国情咨文的评价研究仍颇为少见。本论文以评价理论为研究支撑，以从http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/sou.php中收集的15篇国情咨文为语料，运用定性、定量分析相结合的研究方法，旨在探析和揭示国情咨文中评价资源的不同分布状况及其原因。通过例证分析和论证讨论，本研究发现，，在态度系统中，鉴赏资源(58.55%)使用最频繁，所占比例最大，主要用于对政府计划以及政府改革方案等的评价。判断资源(29.52%)居于第二位，主要用于强调美国人的共同价值观，也一般用于对有助于建立美国与其他国家外交关系的行为的评价。情感资源(11.93%)所占比例最少，一般用来评价美国总统对解决政治、经济、军事和外交等问题的迫切心理。研究还发现，在15篇国情咨文中，出现的大多数态度资源都是积极的。而在介入系统中，与自言资源相比，借言资源使用得更频繁。在出现的所有借言资源中，情态(72.09%)所占比例最大。更多情态资源的使用可以引入不同的声音，增加了国情咨文的客观性。让步(20.85%)所占比例居于第二位，投射(7.06%)是使用比例最少的。通过使用让步及投射手段，听众能够更容易地接受说话者的观点。此外，从级差系统看，语势资源(98.14%)比聚焦资源(1.86%)使用地更频繁。而且级差资源的使用能够强化说话者的观点和确保国情咨文的客观性。本研究认为，运用评价理论对国情咨文进行分析具有重要的理论及现实意义。一方面，国情咨文的评价性研究拓宽了评价理论的研究领域，为国情咨文语篇分析提供一个新的研究视角；另一方面，该研究不仅有助于英语学习者了解国情咨文语篇的语言特点、风格及美国的社会文化，同时也有助于学习者更透彻地理解政治语篇，学会如何利用评价手段更好地表达自己的观点和态度，进而丰富评价理论的实践作用。另外，希望该研究成果对语言教学有启示意义，为政治语篇的汉英互译提供一定的借鉴与参考。
[Abstract]:The State of the Union address is the annual report of the President of the United States to Congress at the beginning of each year, in accordance with United States practice. The State of the Union address is also called the policy agenda of the United States Government. This study is based on the evaluation theory of Martin et al. and the State of the Union address of the United States of America. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the distribution of different evaluation resources in the State of the Union address and its causes. The evaluation theory, which was founded by Martin and other scholars, is a new development of interpersonal meaning based on systemic functional linguistics. It studies language users' attitudes towards others and things through language. The evaluation theory includes three subsystems: attitude, intervention and level difference. Attitude is the attitude of the speaker to describe the object (people, things and events). Is the core of evaluation theory; Intervention reflects the manner and extent of the speaker's participation in the discourse; Evaluation theory has been widely used in various types of discourse analysis, such as news, advertising, political speeches and so on. Evaluation theory of the State of the Union address evaluation research is still quite rare. This thesis is based on the evaluation theory and the 15 State of the Union addresses collected from http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/sou.php. The purpose of this paper is to explore and reveal the different distribution and reasons of evaluation resources in the State of the Union address by means of qualitative and quantitative analysis. Through case analysis and argumentation discussion, this study found that in the attitude system, appreciation resources (58.55) are used most frequently and account for the largest proportion. It is mainly used to evaluate the government plan and the government reform plan. The judgment resource is the second most important. It is mainly used to emphasize the common values of the Americans. It is also used to evaluate the behavior that contributes to the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and other countries. The proportion of emotional resources is the lowest, and that of the President of the United States is generally used to evaluate the political and economic aspects of the settlement. The urgency of military and diplomatic issues. The study also found that in 15 State of the Union addresses, most of the attitude resources that emerged were positive. In the intervention system, compared with the self-speaking resources, the loanwords resources are used more frequently. The use of more modal resources can introduce different voices and increase the objectivity of the State of the Union address. By using concessions and projection, the audience can more easily accept the speaker's point of view. In addition, from the perspective of the differential system. Moreover, the use of graded resources can strengthen the speaker's viewpoint and ensure the objectivity of the State of the Union address. This study believes that the use of evaluation theory to analyze the State of the Union address has important theoretical and practical significance. On the one hand, the evaluation of the State of the Union address research broadened the research field of evaluation theory. It provides a new perspective for discourse analysis in State of the Union address. On the other hand, this study not only helps English learners understand the language characteristics, styles and social culture of the State of the Union, but also helps learners to understand political discourse more thoroughly. Learn how to use evaluation means to better express their views and attitudes, and then enrich the practical role of evaluation theory. In addition, I hope that the results of this study have implications for language teaching. It provides some reference for the translation of political texts from Chinese to English.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H315

【参考文献】