我国宅基地使用权抵押融资的法律困境及对策

发布时间：2018-02-05 00:37

本文关键词： 宅基地使用权抵押融资抵押主体抵押客体　出处：《安徽大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农村土地问题是中国农村的核心问题,也是我国政治经济所关心的问题。改革开放解放了农村的生产力,城乡一体化建设进程不断加快,农村经济发展的模式也已经从单一向多元化发展,其对于资金的需求也越发庞大,伴随而来的是我国农村经济的发展受到现有制度的制约。就我国特有的宅基地使用权制度而言,其是指经依法审批,由农村集体经济组织分配给其成员用于建筑住宅及其他有关附属物的、无使用期限限制的集体土地使用权。宅基地使用权作为农民的一项权益本应成为农民抵押融资的一个重要渠道,但现有法律对于宅基地使用权流转的规定限制了农民融资的方式,农民仅依靠农业内部融资以及向农村信用社以及村镇银行的小额贷款融资无法满足当前农村经济发展的需求。为了解决这一难题,中共十八大报告指出要赋予农民更多财产性权利,保障农民集体经济组织成员权利,积极发展农民股份合作,选择若干试点,慎重稳妥推进农民住房财产权抵押、担保、转让,探索农民增加财产性收入渠道。在此之前,2008年以成都市为首的一批地区开始了宅基地使用权抵押融资的改革,并取得了显著的成效。本文中,笔者首先阐述了宅基地使用权的概念及特征,并分析了设立宅基地使用权抵押制度的必要性；其二,结合我国当前法律环境以及部分地区试点的经验,分析我国宅基地使用权抵押融资的现状究竟如何；其三,详细分析宅基地使用权相关法律规范,指出我国宅基地使用权抵押融资制度当前所面临的法律困境,即法律对于宅基地使用权抵押的主体、内容的限制以及程序缺乏统一的规范标准；与此同时,相关配套机制的缺位,例如宅基地使用权评估机制、农村贷款风险分担机制以及社会保障制度的不健全也阻碍了宅基地使用权抵押融资改革的进程。在对策方面,笔者结合我国目前试点地区为实现宅基地使用权的抵押融资进行的一系列的探索,提出了一些探索性建议：首先是适当放宽宅基地使用权主体的限制,扩大宅基地使用权的流转范围；其次宅基地使用权作为用益物权应当允许单独进行抵押融资；再次是规范对宅基地使用权的抵押程序,开展宅基地使用权证的登记与颁发,统一抵押程序与标准；最后要健全与之相配套的价值评估机构、建立风险分担机制、完善我国农村社会保障体系,为我国宅基地使用权抵押融资制度改革提供制度层面的保障,从而更好地维护广大农民的权益。
[Abstract]:The issue of rural land is the core issue of China's rural areas, but also a political and economic concern in China. Reform and opening to the outside world has liberated the productive forces of rural areas, accelerating the process of urban-rural integration construction. The mode of rural economic development has also changed from a single to a diversified development, its demand for funds is also growing. With it, the development of rural economy in our country is restricted by the existing system. In terms of the unique system of homestead use right in our country, it refers to the examination and approval according to law. Assigned by a rural collective economic organization to its members for the construction of houses and other related appendages. The use right of collective land without the limitation of the term of use. The right to use the homestead as a farmer's rights and interests should be an important channel of the farmer's mortgage financing. However, the existing laws on the circulation of homestead use rights limit the way of farmers' financing. In order to solve this problem, farmers can not meet the needs of the current rural economic development only by relying on agricultural internal financing and microfinance financing to rural credit cooperatives and village banks. The report of the 18 Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to give more property rights to farmers, protect the rights of members of farmers' collective economic organizations, actively develop farmers' share cooperation, and select a number of pilot projects. We will prudently and steadily promote the mortgage, guarantee and transfer of peasants' housing property rights, and explore ways for farmers to increase their property income. In 2008, a group of areas headed by Chengdu began the reform of mortgage financing of homestead use right, and achieved remarkable results. In this paper, the author first elaborated the concept and characteristics of homestead use right. And analyzed the necessity of establishing the mortgage system of homestead use right; Secondly, combining with the current legal environment and the experience of some regions, this paper analyzes the current situation of mortgage financing of the right to use the homestead in our country. Thirdly, it analyzes the relevant legal norms of homestead use right in detail, and points out the current legal dilemma of mortgage financing system of homestead use right in our country, that is, the subject of the right to use the homestead mortgage by law. The limitation of content and the lack of uniform standard of procedure; At the same time, the absence of relevant supporting mechanisms, such as homestead use right evaluation mechanism. The rural loan risk sharing mechanism and the social security system are not perfect also hindered the homestead use right mortgage financing reform process. In the countermeasure aspect. Combined with the current pilot areas of our country for the realization of mortgage financing of homestead use a series of exploration, put forward some exploratory suggestions: first, the appropriate relaxation of the main restrictions of homestead use rights. Expanding the circulation scope of the right to use the homestead; Secondly, as usufruct right of homestead, mortgage financing should be allowed separately. Thirdly, we should standardize the mortgage procedure of the right to use the homestead, carry out the registration and issuance of the certificate of the use of the homestead, and unify the mortgage procedure and standard. Finally, we should perfect the corresponding value evaluation institutions, establish a risk-sharing mechanism, improve our rural social security system, and provide institutional protection for the reform of the mortgage financing system of homestead use right in our country. In order to better safeguard the rights and interests of the majority of farmers.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2;D922.3

【相似文献】