俄罗斯转型以来对中亚国家的直接投资研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 03:30

本文关键词： 俄罗斯中亚国家直接投资研究　出处：《新疆师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济增长方式的转变、外汇储备的不断增多、出口结构的调整和对外投资能力的提高，近年来对外投资规模逐渐扩大，质量提高。但投资目标地和投资领域依然不合理，主要集中特定区域的特定领域。中国长期以来出口为导向的经济发展模式使得内需受到一定的抑制，使得中国经济受更多的国外市场需求萎缩的影响，加大了中国经济的波动性。仍然坚持通过利用外资引进外国先进技术战略导致了过分依赖外国技术，限制了中国的自主创新能力的培养。目前在中国，出口导向性的经济发展模式面临较大的挑战，加大对外投资力度，扩大对外投资规模是合理的选择。同时需要调整对外投资的区域、领域和方式结构。目前虽然中亚各国的经济规模、市场容量并不大，购买力水平较低，投资环境待改善，但是如果以中亚为基地，拓展高加索、俄罗斯和东欧，将是相当大的市场。从中亚各国引进外资的现状来看，主要是欧美发达国家控制了中亚的投资市场，欧美特定国家投资于特定中亚国家的特定领域，已经形成了明显的垄断。这加剧了大国在中亚的博弈，也影响了中国在中亚包括经济利益在内的国家利益。同时俄罗斯的利益也受到了影响。这种背景下，中俄是竞争者，，也是合作者。俄罗斯与中亚各国在历史、政治、经济、文化等方面，关系非常密切。中亚各国在国家安全、经济、政治、教育方面仍然依赖俄罗斯，所以俄罗斯是中亚国家的首选合作对象。随着俄罗斯国力逐渐恢复,以能源为手段振兴大国地位,实现国家复兴，中亚国家作为俄罗斯“后院”的地位更加突出。本文主要是俄罗斯对哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、吉尔吉斯坦、土库曼斯坦和塔吉克斯坦等中亚国家直接投资的规模、区域和领域分布现状，俄罗斯对中亚各国直接投资的特点，俄罗斯对中亚各国直接投资方式比较，对中国的借鉴和启示等方面进行了分析和研究，并作出相应的结论。本文认为俄罗斯对中亚的直接投资主要集中在采矿业、教育、医疗卫生和社会服务等领域。随着综合国力加强和对外战略的变化及调整，俄罗斯将会进一步加大对中亚各国投资力度。中国对中亚对外直接投资主要集中在采矿业、建筑业等领域。随着其经济发展方式的转变与对外投资的不断扩大，对中亚各国的投资也明显增加。与此同时，在中亚世界主要投资国间的激烈竞争将会加剧。其中，中俄的竞争更加凸显。因此，中国对中亚各国对外直接投资路径选择时必须考虑俄罗斯因素。
[Abstract]:With the change of our country's economic growth mode, the increase of foreign exchange reserves, the adjustment of export structure and the improvement of foreign investment capacity, the scale of foreign investment has gradually expanded in recent years. However, investment targets and investment areas are still unreasonable, mainly focusing on specific areas of a specific region. For a long time, China's export-oriented economic development model has restrained domestic demand to a certain extent, and caused China's economy to be affected by the shrinking demand in more foreign markets. It has increased the volatility of China's economy. Still insisting on the strategy of introducing foreign advanced technology through the use of foreign capital has led to excessive reliance on foreign technology and limited the cultivation of China's independent innovation capability. The export-oriented economic development model is facing a great challenge. It is a reasonable choice to increase the intensity of foreign investment and expand the scale of foreign investment. At the same time, it is necessary to adjust the regional, field and mode structure of foreign investment. At present, although the economies of the Central Asian countries are not large, their market capacity is small, their purchasing power is low, and the investment environment needs to be improved, if they are based in Central Asia and expand into the Caucasus, Russia and Eastern Europe, It will be a very large market. Judging from the current situation of the introduction of foreign capital by Central Asian countries, it is mainly the developed countries in Europe and the United States that control the investment market in Central Asia, and the specific countries in Europe and the United States invest in specific areas of the specific Central Asian countries. There has been a clear monopoly. This has intensified the game between major powers in Central Asia, and also affected China's national interests in Central Asia, including economic interests. At the same time, Russia's interests have also been affected. In this context, China and Russia are competitors. He is also a collaborator. Russia has very close ties with the Central Asian countries in the fields of history, politics, economy, culture, etc. The Central Asian countries still rely on Russia in terms of national security, economy, politics, and education. Therefore, Russia is the preferred cooperation object for Central Asian countries. With the gradual restoration of Russia's national strength, the status of Central Asian countries as Russia's "backyard" has become even more prominent as energy is used as a means to revitalize its status as a big country and realize its national rejuvenation. This paper is mainly about the scale, regional and field distribution of Russian direct investment in Central Asian countries such as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. The characteristics of Russian direct investment in Central Asian countries, the comparison of Russian direct investment modes in Central Asian countries, the reference and inspiration to China are analyzed and studied, and the corresponding conclusions are drawn. This paper holds that Russia's direct investment in Central Asia is mainly concentrated in the fields of mining, education, medical and health care and social services. With the strengthening of comprehensive national strength and the changes and adjustments in foreign strategies, Russia will further increase its investment in Central Asian countries. China's foreign direct investment in Central Asia is mainly concentrated in mining, construction and other fields. With the transformation of its economic development mode and the continuous expansion of foreign investment, Investment in Central Asian countries has also increased significantly. At the same time, fierce competition among the world's major investors in Central Asia will intensify. Among them, the competition between China and Russia is even more prominent. Therefore, China must consider the Russian factor when choosing the path of foreign direct investment to Central Asian countries.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F835.12

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