马克思主体性哲学视野下的当代中国农民主体性研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 19:50

本文关键词： 马克思主体性农民主体性当代农民　出处：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农民作为我国人口最为庞大的群体,始终是我国政治、经济、文化发展的关键因素。自新中国成立以来,农村社会已经历了六十多年的深刻变革,取得了举世瞩目的发展成就,与此同时,作为农村社会的主人,农民群体在物质生活条件和精神思想上也发生了翻天覆地的变化。不可否认,在改革开放前,由于国家政治权力的高度集中和计划经济体制的局限性使得农民的民主权利难以获得保障,主体能动性和创造性被束缚和压制,然而随着改革开放后农村市场经济的发展,村民自治组织的建立,以及国家一系列惠农政策的推行,农民的主体能动性开始觉醒,生产积极性被调动起来,逐渐形成农村发展、农民增收、农村稳定的好局面。但不可否认的是,农民主体性的提升是一个循序渐进的过程,尽管农村的面貌已焕然一新,但农民主体性的发展并没有跟上经济发展的步伐,在某些方面农民的自主性、能动性和创造性依然缺失,这就要求我们要找到农民主体性缺失的深层原因,并采取相应办法进行改进,从而释放和发挥农民的主体能动性,加快农村社会的现代化转型。马克思的主体性哲学理论长期以来被许多人视为抽象的哲学公式,而忽视了其本身所具有的且最为重要的现实意义。马克思主体性哲学是建立在人学基础上的具有革命性和实践性的哲学,对其抽象或是形而上学的阐释和解读,必然难以把握重点和内在精髓,使其丧失原本所具有的对现实中人的存在和发展的参考价值。马克思主体性哲学具有科学的内涵,并自其创立以来一直在哲学和人学领域保持着顽强的生命力,至今仍对现实社会的人具有卓越的解释力和极大的借鉴意义,由此本文将以当代中国农民作为主体对象,通过受动与能动的纵向研究、个体与群体的横向研究、主体与客体的异化研究三个层次剖析当代中国农民的主体性,深刻揭示马克思人学理论的丰富内涵和现实价值。同时以创新性的哲学视角来解读当代农民的行为逻辑,探索其背后隐藏的深层矛盾,为国家现代性建构要求下的新时期农民的研究提供一种新的参考视阈。
[Abstract]:As the largest population group in China, farmers have always been the key factors in the political, economic and cultural development of our country. Since the founding of New China, the rural society has undergone 60 years of profound changes and achieved remarkable development achievements. At the same time, as the masters of the rural society, the peasants' groups have also undergone earth-shaking changes in their material living conditions and their spiritual ideas.There is no denying that before the reform and opening up, Because of the high centralization of national political power and the limitation of planned economy system, it is difficult to guarantee the democratic rights of farmers, and the subject initiative and creativity are restrained and suppressed. However, with the development of rural market economy after reform and opening up, With the establishment of villagers' autonomous organizations and the implementation of a series of favorable agricultural policies of the country, the main activities of farmers began to awaken, and the enthusiasm for production was aroused, gradually forming rural development and increasing farmers' income. A good situation of stability in rural areas. But it is undeniable that the promotion of farmers' subjectivity is a gradual process. Although the face of the countryside has taken on a new look, the development of farmers' subjectivity has not kept up with the pace of economic development. In some aspects, the peasants' autonomy, initiative and creativity are still lacking, which requires us to find out the deep causes of the peasants' lack of subjectivity, and to take corresponding measures to improve it so as to release and give full play to the peasants' subjective initiative. Speed up the modernization transformation of rural society. Marx's subjective philosophy theory has long been regarded as abstract philosophical formula by many people. Marx's subjective philosophy is a revolutionary and practical philosophy based on human studies, which explains and interprets its abstraction or metaphysics. It is inevitable that it is difficult to grasp the key point and inner essence, which makes it lose its reference value for the existence and development of human beings in reality. Since its establishment, it has maintained tenacious vitality in the field of philosophy and human studies, and still has great explanatory power and great reference significance for the people in the real society. Therefore, this paper will take the contemporary Chinese peasants as the main object. Through the longitudinal study of action and initiative, the horizontal study of individual and group, and the alienation of subject and object, the subjectivity of contemporary Chinese peasants is analyzed. It deeply reveals the rich connotation and realistic value of Marx's theory of humanology, and at the same time interprets the behavioral logic of contemporary peasants from the perspective of innovative philosophy, and explores the deep contradictions hidden behind it. It provides a new reference horizon for the study of peasants in the new period under the requirement of the construction of national modernity.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D422.6

【参考文献】