关于墨子“天志”“明鬼”思想的形成

发布时间：2018-02-24 22:03

本文关键词： 墨子天志鬼神　出处：《东北师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：墨子及其所建立的学派,在先秦与儒家并为显学,地位显赫。“天志”、“明鬼”是墨子思想的重要部分,为墨家体系中不可缺失的一环。墨子将尊天事鬼作为其推行政治方针的手段,用大篇章来论证天以及鬼神的真实存在、权威地位。墨子是典型的务实型学者,追求现实的利益,但却将自家学派的终极保障上归于“天志”、“明鬼”这一看似虚无的存在。学者们对于墨子的这一做法也多有叙述研究,本文将视角聚焦在墨子这一尊天事鬼思想形成的原因及其过程上。本文在绪论部分主要为墨子“天志”“明鬼”研究的回顾、现状与展望,论述这一题目的主要意义。正文第一部分：叙述天、鬼、神观念的缘起,由于人们认知水平的局限,天、鬼、神的作用被人为的夸大了很多,并且自古就有着将其作为统治政治手段的传统。“天命”的观点在西周时期影响广泛,治国要以德、求民主,这与国家运势有着密切关联。崇尚鬼神的现象在各阶层都广为显现,天、鬼、神也被人们普遍接受。在这种情形之下,墨子的鬼神思想便顺理成章生成。正文第二部分：讲解墨子选择“天志”“明鬼”作为维护其学说与所处时代之关联。当时正是一个新旧交替,方生未死的大变革时期。如此大变革就为各种思想的形成营造了自由空间。政治经济的发展引起阶级成份变更,战争频发。绝地天通的打破以及怨天尤人思想的兴起,导致人们思想上混乱。而墨子深受邹鲁之地的文化影响,认识到可以利用鬼神去发挥威慑作用。正文第三部分：墨学体系中“天志”“明鬼”形成的必要性。重点谈尊天事鬼、墨子想要借此达到的目的以及该思想在墨家十论中的地位与作用。最后,谈墨家思想不可回避儒家的影响,“非儒”虽然是墨家鲜明提出的思想之一,但儒墨在鬼神方面又有很多一致处。本文按照先将鬼神思想放置于历史长河之中,阐述墨子所处时代的背景,论证墨家体系的构造这一顺序,从大时空到时代背景,来论述墨子此种思想的形成过程。
[Abstract]:Mozi and his school of thought, in the pre-Qin Dynasty and the Confucian school, had a prominent position. "Heaven Zhi", "Ming Ghost" was an important part of Mozi's thought. Mozi regards deference to heaven and ghosts as a means of carrying out political policy, and uses a large chapter to prove the true existence of heaven and ghosts and ghosts and gods, as well as its authoritative status. Mozi is a typical pragmatic scholar who pursues the interests of reality. However, they attribute the ultimate guarantee of their school to the seemingly nihilistic existence of "Heaven Zhi" and "Ming Ghost". Scholars also have a lot of narrative research on Mozi's practice. This paper focuses on the reason and process of Mozi's thought of deference and ghost. In the introduction part, it mainly focuses on the retrospect, present situation and prospect of the study of "Tianzhi" and "Ming Ghost" in the introduction part of this paper. The main meaning of this topic is discussed. The first part of the text describes the origin of the concept of Heaven, Ghost and God. Due to the limitation of people's cognitive level, the role of Heaven, Ghost and God has been artificially exaggerated. Since ancient times, there has been a tradition of using it as a political means of ruling. The idea of "destiny" had a wide influence in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The idea of governing the country by virtue and seeking democracy was closely related to the national fortune. The phenomenon of advocating ghosts and gods was widely displayed in all strata. God, ghosts, God is also widely accepted. In this case, Mozi's thoughts on ghosts and gods were naturally formed. The second part of the text: the second part of the text: the explanation of Mozi's choice of "Tianzhi" and "Ming Ghost" as the maintenance of his theory and the relevance of the times. At that time, it was a turn between the old and the new. Fang Sheng's undead period of great change. Such a great change has created a free space for the formation of various ideas. The development of political economy has caused changes in class composition, frequent wars, the breakup of Jedi Tientong, and the rise of the idea of complaining about people. Mozi, deeply influenced by Zou Lu's culture, realized that ghosts and gods could be used to play a deterrent role. The third part of the text: the necessity of the formation of "Tianzhi" and "Ming Ghost" in the Mohism system. The purpose that Mozi wants to achieve and the position and function of this thought in Mohism's Ten theories. Finally, on the influence of Confucianism, "non-Confucianism" is one of the distinct ideas put forward by Mohist school. But Confucianism and Mohist have a lot of consistency in the aspect of ghosts and deities. According to the idea of ghosts and gods placed in the long history of history, this paper expounds the background of Mozi's era, and demonstrates the order of the structure of Mohist system, from big time to space to the background of the times. To expound the forming process of Mozi's thought.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B224

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