《史记》“本纪”史学功能析论

发布时间：2018-03-05 09:42

  本文选题：《史记》　切入点：本纪　出处：《社会科学战线》2016年08期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：司马迁著《史记》,在全书编纂的总体设计上,以"本纪"列在其他四种体裁之前,这一安排,突出地体现了其深邃的历史哲学和强烈的信史精神。十二本纪"包举大端",提纲挈领记述政治、经济、军事、民族、文化各项大事,构成了全书的主干,其余篇章,或表,或书,或世家,或列传,都与本纪相配合,因而显示出华夏民族自文明初始至其当代历史演进的大趋势;又因有本纪作为总纲,其他篇章中的记载都围绕此展开,紧密联系,因而使这部内容丰富复杂、上下贯通漫长年代的巨著,成为互相联系的有机整体。再者,本纪所载,既重在凸显政治设施的得失,彰明其盛衰兴坏之理,且又以艺术性手法,刻画处于历史变局中心的君主独特的性格、襟怀,所写的西楚霸王、汉高祖,更是栩栩如生,使后代读者产生无穷的感奋和慨叹。"本纪"的又一项重要史学功能,是反映出西汉时期"大一统"局面的发展和巩固,反映出封建中央集权政治结构的等级制特征,因而成为时代的投影。这也是后代修史者"递相祖述,莫能出其范围"的深刻原因。
[Abstract]:Sima Qian < > in the historical records, the overall design of the compilation, "Chronicles" column before the other four styles, this arrangement has highlighted its profound historical philosophy and strong spirit of history. Twelve chronicles covered the end ", a description of the political, economic, military, national culture, the the main event, constitute the book, the text, or table, or books, or family, or are associated with biographies, chronicles, which shows that the Chinese nation civilization from the initial to the trend of contemporary historical evolution; and because there is this as a general outline, other chapters in the records around this. Close contact, thus make the content rich and complex, long time of work through, become interrelated organic whole. Furthermore, this contained both focusing on highlighting the pros and cons of the political establishment, exposing Sheng Shuaixing bad reason, and then to artistic methods, describe the place Unique character, in the historical situation in the center as written by the monarch, king of Western Chu, Han Emperor, is more true to life, so the offspring readers have infinite moved and lament. "Another important function of history discipline", reflects the development of the Western Han Dynasty "unified" situation and consolidate, reflects the hierarchy the characteristics of the feudal centralized political structure, and thus become the time projection. This is also the descendants of the historians "handed out to the Mo phase followed, scope of the profound reasons.

【作者单位】： 北京师范大学史学研究所;
【分类号】：K204.2
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本文编号：1569707