乌撒土司与中央王朝关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 09:02

本文选题：元明清　切入点：土司制度　出处：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以乌撒土司为中心,探讨历史时期中央王朝与西南少数民族地区地方势力的关系。中央王朝于元明清时期在西南边疆地区大规模推行土司制度,中央王朝对西南边疆少数民族土司的管理政策与当地发展的进程有着千丝万缕的联系。亦由此成为历代中央王朝高度重视且必须直面正视的现实政治问题,也是关系到王朝兴衰存亡的重大问题。从元代初创土司制度起,明代和清代基本在西南边疆少数民族地区沿袭了这一地方治理模式。土司制度在当时已经成为王朝行政体系中重要的一部分,在当时的历史条件下,对于中央王朝稳固西南边疆地区的统治,起到了积极的作用。乌撒土司是元明清时期西南边疆少数民族地区占据一方的大土司,在西南地区有很大的势力影响。乌撒土司地处云贵川三省的交界处,地理位置十分重要,先后隶属云南行省、四川行省和贵州行省。乌撒故地,远古时期为古滇国区域,战国时期为古夜郎国中心区域,蜀汉时属于朱提郡管辖,唐代后属羁縻州宝州,宋代设羁縻州乌撒部,元朝置乌撒路、乌撒乌蒙宣慰司、乌撒土知府、乌撒军民府,正式被朝廷封为土司,明代设置乌撒卫,加强对乌撒地区的管理和控制,清代康熙年间进行改土归流,置威宁府、威宁州。本文期望通过对乌撒土司与中央王朝政治、经济、文化及其相关问题的进一步探讨,加深中央王朝对乌撒土司在不同时期关系发展的认识。并从乌撒土司地区民族关系的处理和民族之间的交融影响等方面,考察乌撒土司作为镇守一方的大土司,在处理民族和安抚一方之间关系的实际作用及历史本相。深化对中央王朝在土司发展中起到的重要作用与历史影响做出解读和认知。全文除绪论与结语外,分为五部分。第一部分,简单阐述了乌撒土司从起源、发展到影响一地的土司的形成过程,以及乌撒土司所在地的考古发掘情况,说明乌撒土司的历史渊源。第二部分,阐述了在元王朝统治之下,乌撒宣慰司的设置过程和元朝的民族政策及治理方式,总结了元王朝与乌撒土司的经济往来和当时的元王朝与乌撒土司的关系特点。第三部分,从明代经略西南和乌撒隶属关系的变更,分析明代乌撒土司得以高速发展的原因,结合其关系特点,分析当时的赋税与朝贡对于乌撒的影响。第四部分,重点介绍乌撒土司改土归流的情况,通过分析当时民族关系的特点,来分析清代改土归流成功的原因。第五部分,考察乌撒地区当地与周边土司的少数民族之间的关系情况,来说明乌撒土司作为一方大土司,对当地民族关系的处理合理性。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the relationship between the central dynasty and the local forces in the southwest minority areas during the historical period. The central dynasty carried out the Tusi system on a large scale in the southwest frontier area during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. The management policy of the central dynasty to the minority nationalities in the southwest border area was inextricably linked with the process of local development, which became a realistic and political problem that the central dynasties attached great importance to and must face squarely. It is also a major issue related to the rise and fall of the dynasty. From the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the Tusi system, The Ming and Qing dynasties basically followed this pattern of local governance in the ethnic minority areas of the southwest frontier. At that time, the Tusi system had become an important part of the dynasty's administrative system, and under the historical conditions at that time, It played an active role in stabilizing the rule of the southwest frontier area by the central dynasty. Usadusa was the big toast that occupied one side of the minority areas in the southwest frontier during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Wusa Tusa is located at the junction of Yungui and Guichuan provinces, and its geographical position is very important. It is subordinate to Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province and Guizhou Province successively. The warring States period is the central region of the ancient Yilang country, Shu Han belongs to the jurisdiction of Juti County, after the Tang Dynasty belongs to the Jimi state of Baozhou, the Song Dynasty set up the Jimi state of Uzza, the Yuan Dynasty set up the Ursa Road, the Uzza Umong Xuan Shu Department, the Uzza Tuzhi House, the Uzza military-civilian residence, Officially designated as a toast by the imperial court, Wusavi was set up in the Ming Dynasty to strengthen the management and control of the Uzza region. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to flow back to the land, and the Weining House and the Weining Prefecture were set up. This article looks forward to the reform of the politics and economy of the Usadusa and the Central Dynasty through the reform of the capital. The further exploration of culture and its related problems, the deepening of the central dynasty's understanding of the development of Usadusa's relations in different periods, and from the aspects of the handling of ethnic relations and the influence of ethnic blending in the Usadusi region, The study of the great toast of Uzzatsu, which was the guardian of the town, In dealing with the actual role and historical reality of the relationship between the nation and the appeasing side, and deepening the interpretation and cognition of the important role and historical influence played by the Central Dynasty in the development of the Tusi, the full text, in addition to the introduction and conclusion, It is divided into five parts. In the first part, the author briefly expounds the forming process of Usadusa from its origin, development to influence on a place, and the archaeological excavations of its location, and explains the historical origin of Usadusa. The second part, This paper expounds the process of setting up and the ethnic policy and governance of the Yuan Dynasty under the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, and summarizes the economic exchanges between the Yuan Dynasty and the Usadusa, and the characteristics of the relationship between the Yuan Dynasty and the Usadusi at that time. Part three, From the change of the subordinate relationship between the southwest and Uzza in the Ming Dynasty, this paper analyzes the reasons for the rapid development of the Usadusa in the Ming Dynasty, and analyzes the influence of taxes and tributaries on Uzza at that time. Part 4th, combined with the characteristics of the relationship, By analyzing the characteristics of the ethnic relations at that time, the paper analyzes the reasons for the success of the reform in the Qing Dynasty. In part 5th, the author investigates the relationship between the local areas and the ethnic minorities in the surrounding areas of Uzza. To explain Uzzatsu as one of the big toast, the handling of local ethnic relations is reasonable.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K29

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