马克思主义民族观视野下的少数民族政治参与

发布时间：2018-03-07 11:22

本文选题：少数民族　切入点：政治参与　出处：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国是一个统一的多民族国家，政府为促进少数民族政治、经济、文化等各项事业的全面发展，制定了一系列民族政策，主要包括坚持民族平等团结、民族区域自治、发展少数民族地区经济文化事业等。在政治领域，提高少数民族地区政治参与水平的深度和广度，完善基层民主政治制度是关乎少数民族群众切身利益的重要内容。结合多种观点，我们认为，政治参与是指社会普通民众通过合法合理的途径参与到各类政治决策中，借以行使其政治权利、表达政治意愿的一种政治行为。少数民族政治参与即是政治参与者身份为少数民族的一种政治参与行为。少数民族政治参与是我国民主政治的一大组成部分，既是各个少数民族平等拥有的权利，也是多民族国家政治生活有序运行的基础。我国的少数民族政治参与包括两个方面：一是各少数民族积极参与本民族或民族社会的政治事务；二是各少数民族积极参与国家政治生活。具体表现在国家政治体制、地方政府运作和社区政治生活三个层面。在国家政治体制方面，少数民族群众通过参加各级人民代表大会来完成政治参与行为；在地方政府运作方面，主要通过政府在少数民族聚居区设立少数民族自治地方来实现；在社区政治生活方面，则靠少数民族群众参与村民自治活动的效能来衡量。少数民族群众参与各种形式的政治活动效能好坏，不仅会影响到少数民族自身的发展，还对我国的政治稳定、社会稳定有重大意义。到目前为止，我国少数民族政治参与成效显著，这可以从历年来少数民族参与全国人民代表大会的人数比例、民族自治地方的数量和范围、村民自治制度的完善等方面看出来。但也存在不少问题，尤其是在少数民族欠发达地区，群众的民主意识还很淡薄，自觉参与民主管理的能力还很低，基层民主制度的建设还未完善等等。从影响我国少数民族政治参与的几大因素经济条件、政治机制、民族文化和心理、宗教信仰这几方面分析，我们发现，少数民族经济水平的低下会直接影响其受教育权利的实现，进而在很大程度上影响其政治觉悟的提高以及当地政治机制的运作。而民族文化、传统习惯和宗教信仰等，都会在不同程度上影响少数民族政治参与的热情。我们以少数民族某地方为研究对象，，对当地村民政治参与的真实情况作了详细调查和分析，发现大部分少数民族群众可以通过制度化的参与手段自主参与各项政治活动，但也发现一些不规范行为。因此，我们提出了一些加强我国基层民主政治建设的具体对策。一是要大力发展少数民族地区经济，改变少数民族群众经济落后的面貌。二是要大力发展少数民族地区的科教文卫事业，提高少数民族地区人民素质，增强他们的政治觉悟。三是要完善政治民主，杜绝损害少数民族利益情况的出现。四是要完善政府职能，最大限度发挥各级政府的效能，保障少数民族政治权益。五是要建立国家和少数民族间的有效沟通，防止民族冲突的出现。
[Abstract]:China is a unified multi-ethnic country, government economy to promote minority political, cultural, all-round development of various undertakings, formulated a series of national policies, including upholding equality and unity among ethnic groups, ethnic regional autonomy, the economic and cultural development in ethnic minority areas. In the political field, improve the national minority area political the level of participation in the breadth and depth and improve the grass-roots democratic political system is an important content related to the vital interests of the masses of ethnic minorities.
Combined with a variety of view, we believe that political participation refers to the social common people by means of legitimate participation in all kinds of political decisions, to exercise their political rights, a political behavior political expression. The political participation of ethnic minorities is the political identity of the participants for minority participation in a national minority political participation politics. Is a major component of China's democratic politics, not all ethnic equality rights, which is the basis of national political life and orderly operation.
China's minority political participation includes two aspects: one is the minority nationalities participate in the nationality or national society of political affairs; two is the minority nationalities to actively participate in the political life of the country. The specific performance in the national political system, local government operations and community political life in three aspects. In terms of the national political system. The minority people to complete the political participation behavior by taking part in the people's congresses at all levels of local government; in the operation, mainly by the government in the ethnic minority autonomous region set up a place to achieve; in the community of political life by ethnic minority people involved in Villager Autonomy performance to measure the quality of political activities. The effectiveness of the minority people participate in various forms, not only affects the development of the minority itself, but also to the political stability of our country, have great significance for social stability Righteousness.
So far, China's political participation of ethnic minorities has achieved remarkable results, this can be seen from the number of minority nationalities to participate in the National People's Congress over the years, the proportion of the number and scope of the national autonomous areas, improve aspects of the villager autonomy system to see. But there are also many problems, especially in the minority underdeveloped areas, the masses democratic consciousness is very weak, the ability to consciously participate in the democratic management is still very low, the construction of grass-roots democratic system is not perfect and so on.
From several factors of economic conditions, the impact of China's minority political participation and political mechanism, national culture and psychological aspects of religious belief, this analysis, we found that the low level of minority economy will directly affect the realization of the right to education, and then influence the political consciousness and the improvement of the operation mechanism in local politics extent. And the national culture, traditions and religious beliefs, will affect the enthusiasm of the political participation of ethnic minorities in different extent.
We use a local minority as the research object, the real situation of the local villagers' political participation has made a detailed investigation and analysis, found that most of the minority people through institutional participation means independent participation in various political activities, but also found some irregularities. Therefore, we put forward some specific measures to strengthen the construction of democratic politics I primary. One is to develop the economy in ethnic regions, change the economic backwardness of minority people. The two is to develop education and health undertakings in the minority areas, minority areas to improve the quality of people, enhance their political consciousness. The three is to improve the political democracy, to prevent damage of minority interests the four is to improve government functions, to maximize the effectiveness of all levels of government, to protect the political rights of minority people. The five is to establish national and less Effective communication among ethnic groups to prevent the emergence of ethnic conflicts.

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D633

【参考文献】