中国近代技术观的产生与转变

发布时间：2018-03-09 08:00

本文选题：近代技术观　切入点：道器并重　出处：《广西大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：技术观对国家科技政策的制定、对技术和技术文化的发展都有重要作用。研究我国近代技术观产生和转变的过程,总结近代技术观的产生及其经验教训,可为现代科技进步、经济发展提供更多借鉴。本文从近代技术观产生的背景入手,分析其产生的社会原因与思想根源。系统研究之后,可以把中国近代技术观的产生与转变分为三个阶段：第一阶段是“道器并重”技术观的提出,将技术整体上升为与道德相同的社会地位,对技术的重要作用有了全面的认识；第二阶段是“以技强国”技术观的形成与强化,它克服了“师夷之长技以制夷”的片面思想,使国人对技术的重要地位又有了更加深刻的认识；第三阶段是“物质救国”技术观的总结,认识到技术是一个整体,技术强国更是一个大系统,必须从科学、政治、经济等方面来认识技术、发展技术,才能最终达到目的。在此三阶段中,历史重大事件如西学东渐、鸦片战争、洋务运动、戊戌变法、甲午战争都对近代技术的产生与转变有重大影响；而历史重要人物李之藻、徐光启、宋应星、魏源、曾国藩、李鸿章、康有为、谭嗣同、梁启超等人也对近代技术观的提出与提炼作出了突出贡献。限于篇幅及个人能力,本文简略地评价历史事件对技术观的影响,有选择性地分析历史人物对技术观的认识,最后总结近代技术观的特点与得失,对“经世致用”技术观要进行合理的扬弃,对外开放要坚持理性的张扬,要重视国家技术观建设,建构更系统全面的现代技术观。
[Abstract]:The concept of technology plays an important role in the formulation of national science and technology policy as well as in the development of technology and technology culture. To study the process of the emergence and transformation of modern technology view in China and to sum up the emergence of modern technology view and its experience and lessons can be regarded as the progress of modern science and technology. Economic development provides more reference. Starting with the background of the emergence of modern technology view, this paper analyzes the social reasons and ideological roots of its emergence. It can be divided into three stages of the emergence and transformation of Chinese modern technology view: the first stage is the putting forward of the technology view of "the Tao and the instrument equally", raising the technology as a whole to the same social status as morality, and having a comprehensive understanding of the important role of technology; The second stage is the formation and strengthening of the technology view of "using technology to make a strong country", which overcomes the one-sided thought of "master the long skill of the Yi" and makes people have a deeper understanding of the important position of technology. The third stage is a summary of the concept of "material saving the nation". It is recognized that technology is a whole, and the powerful country of technology is a large system. We must understand and develop technology from the aspects of science, politics, economy and so on, so that we can finally achieve our goal. In these three stages, major historical events, such as the introduction of western learning to the east, the Opium War, the Westernization Movement, the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Sino-Japanese War of 1895, all had a significant impact on the emergence and transformation of modern technology, while the historical important figures Li Zhizao, Xu Guangqi, Song Yingxing, Wei Yuan, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Kang Youwei, Kang Youwei, Kang Youwei and so on have also made outstanding contributions to the presentation and refinement of the modern technology view. Limited to space and personal ability, this paper briefly evaluates the influence of historical events on the view of technology. Selectively analyzing the historical figures' understanding of the concept of technology, finally summing up the characteristics, gains and losses of the view of modern technology, giving a reasonable sublation to the concept of "applying the world to the world", and opening up to the outside world to insist on rational publicity. Attention should be paid to the construction of a national view of technology and a more systematic and comprehensive view of modern technology.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：N02

【参考文献】