语言与国家安全：20世纪50年代后美国外语政策研究及启示

发布时间：2018-03-09 07:06

本文选题：语言　切入点：美国　出处：《宁夏大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：语言是社会的粘合剂,是文化的基础；语言同时又是“软国力”的核心,是综合国力的一个重要方面。自古以来,语言文字问题始终关系到国家和民族的主权,关系到公民的人权。语言政策是国家社会生活中的一件大事,是解决语言矛盾的需要。美国是典型的多民族、多语言、多文化、多宗教、多人口的国家,向来有“民族之国”之称。作为文化的“大熔炉”,美国是一个多意识形态的国家,当两种完全不同的文化或意识形态相遇时,冲突会以各种形式出现。作为交流方式和武器的语言便是其中之一。语言与人类生活息息相关,是文化的核心,因此语言武器是历史上所有统治者最有力的统治方式。几乎每一个政体都意识到了语言政策在维护国家统一与发展中的重要作用。自1958年美国开始制定明确的国家外语政策以来,其外语政策就与国家安全密切相关。“9·11”事件使美国认识到“语言武器’’的重要性,美国政府开始重视以满足国家政治、经济、外交、军事的需求,尤其是从国家安全的角度来制定国家的外语语言政策,并于新世纪伊始颁布和制定了一系列与国家安全有关、旨在提高国家外语能力的政策和法案。经济的全球化为语言文化走向世界带来了契机与挑战,语言政策与语言战略成为了国家发展战略的有机组成部分。利用语言维护国家安全,努力提升文化软实力具有重要的战略意义。参照美国的外语政策的国家安全目标,反思我国的外语政策,可以发现,我国外语政策几乎没有明确的国家安全目标。因此,基于美国外语政策的启示,我们应该构建符合我国国家安全需要的外语战略。本论文首先从国家安全的视角分析了20世纪50年代后期到20世纪末以及“9·11”后这两个时期美国的外语政策。基于对美国外语政策的分析,从外语政策的国家安全目标方面分析了对中国外语政策的启示。在制定外语政策中,应该考虑外语政策的国防安全层面、外交与国际交往安全层面、对外经贸安全层面。
[Abstract]:Language is the glue of society and the foundation of culture; language is at the same time the core of "soft national power" and an important aspect of comprehensive national strength. Language policy is a major event in national social life and a need to solve language contradiction. The United States is a typical multi-ethnic, multilingual, multicultural, multi-religious, and multi-population country. It has always been known as the "nation of nations." as a "melting pot" of culture, the United States is a country of many ideologies. When two completely different cultures or ideologies meet, conflicts occur in various forms. Language, as a means of communication and as a weapon, is one of them. Language is closely related to human life and is the core of culture. Therefore, language weapon is the most powerful way of ruling all rulers in history. Almost every polity has realized the important role of language policy in maintaining national unity and development. Since 1958, when the United States began to formulate a clear national foreign language policy, its foreign language policy has been closely related to national security. The "9 路11" incident made the United States realize the importance of "language weapons," and the United States government began to attach importance to satisfying the national politics and economy. Foreign and military needs, especially from the perspective of national security, to formulate a national foreign language policy, and at the beginning of the new century promulgated and formulated a series of national security related policies and acts aimed at improving the national foreign language ability. The globalization of economy has brought opportunities and challenges for language and culture to go to the world. Language policy and language strategy have become an organic part of the national development strategy. It is of great strategic significance to strive to enhance the soft power of culture. Referring to the national security objectives of the foreign language policy of the United States and reflecting on our foreign language policy, we can find that there is almost no clear national security goal in our foreign language policy. Based on the enlightenment of American foreign language policy, we should construct a foreign language strategy that meets the needs of China's national security. From the perspective of national security, this thesis first analyzes the foreign language policies of the United States from late 1950s to the end of 20th century and after 9 / 11, based on the analysis of American foreign language policies. This paper analyzes the enlightenment to China's foreign language policy from the aspect of the national security goal of foreign language policy. In the formulation of foreign language policy, we should consider the foreign language policy's national defense security level, foreign affairs and international communication security level, foreign trade and economic security level.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H31

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