我国应对自然灾害危机的舆论引导研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 01:10

本文选题：自然灾害　切入点：危机　出处：《南京信息工程大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自然灾害危机具有地域性、突发性、群发性、周期性等特点,我国是世界上自然灾害危机最为严重的国家之一。随着社会的不断进步,自然灾害危机的舆论引导也越来越受到政府、媒体和公众的关注及重视。成功的舆论引导不仅可以解决自然灾害危机,减少谣言的传播,还可以缓解公众的心理压力,维护政府的良好形象。本文就是以自然灾害危机的舆论引导为立足点,通过对建国以来自然灾害危机舆论引导的对比研究,分析总结我国舆论引导的演变历程。总结当前自然灾害危机中舆论引导的不足,并基于“议程设置”理论下分析自然灾害危机中舆论引导三要素即政府、媒体、公众之间的关系,在此基础上提出了完善自然灾害危机舆论引导的机制建设。本文主要分为五个部分。第一部分,自然灾害危机舆论引导的概述,主要从自然灾害危机对社会政治、经济、文化及心理的影响；自然灾害危机舆论引导的特殊性及重要性。第二部分,基于“议程设置”理论下分析自然灾害危机舆论引导中政府、媒体、公众之间的相互关系。第三部分,通过对三年自然灾害、唐山地震、1998年特大洪灾、汶川地震中舆论引导概况和原则的分析,总结出建国以来自然灾害危机舆论引导的一系列演进。第四部分,主要从政府角度总结分析出当前自然灾害危机舆论引导中存在的问题,包括舆情信息收集的不全面、不客观；媒体沟通机制不健全、不完善；灾情信息发布不充分；心理援助投入不充分、不持续。第五部分,针对当前自然灾害危机中存在的问题,提出相应的对策。具体为协调沟通媒体,完善新闻发布机制；加强教育引导,提升公众灾害应对能力机制；收集各类舆情,构建舆情分析机制；强化信息共享,建立信息公开机制；健全法律法规,建立长效引导机制。
[Abstract]:Natural disaster crisis has the characteristics of region, sudden, mass occurrence, periodicity and so on. China is one of the most serious natural disaster crisis countries in the world. The public opinion guidance of natural disaster crisis has been paid more and more attention by the government, the media and the public. Successful public opinion guidance can not only solve the natural disaster crisis, reduce the spread of rumors, but also alleviate the psychological pressure of the public. This article takes the public opinion guidance of natural disaster crisis as the foothold, through the contrast research to the natural disaster crisis public opinion guidance since the founding of the people's Republic of China. This paper analyzes and summarizes the evolution of public opinion guidance in China, summarizes the deficiency of public opinion guidance in the current natural disaster crisis, and analyzes the three elements of public opinion guidance in natural disaster crisis based on the theory of "agenda setting", that is, the government and the media. On the basis of the relationship between the public, the paper puts forward the construction of the mechanism to perfect the public opinion guidance of natural disaster crisis. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is an overview of the public opinion guidance of natural disaster crisis, mainly from the impact of natural disaster crisis on social politics, economy, culture and psychology, and on the particularity and importance of natural disaster crisis public opinion guidance. The second part, based on the theory of "agenda setting", analyzes the relationship among government, media and public in the guidance of public opinion on natural disaster crisis. The third part, through the analysis of three years natural disaster, Tangshan earthquake, 1998 flood disaster, Wenchuan earthquake public opinion guidance general situation and principle, summarizes a series of natural disaster crisis public opinion guidance evolution since the founding of the people's Republic of China. Part 4th summarizes and analyzes the problems existing in the guidance of public opinion on the current natural disaster crisis from the angle of the government, including the incomplete collection of public opinion information, the imperfection of media communication mechanism and the imperfection of the media communication mechanism. Disaster information is not enough; psychological assistance investment is not sufficient, not sustainable. Part 5th, aiming at the problems existing in the current natural disaster crisis, puts forward the corresponding countermeasures. The specific measures are to coordinate and communicate the media, perfect the news release mechanism, strengthen the education guidance, enhance the public disaster response ability mechanism, collect all kinds of public opinion, Build the mechanism of public opinion analysis; strengthen the information sharing, establish the mechanism of information publicity; perfect the laws and regulations, establish the long-term guiding mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X43;G206

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