晚清至五四的译者形象变迁与原因探究

发布时间：2018-03-13 01:17

本文选题：译者形象　切入点：演变　出处：《宁波大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：翻译是不同民族之间进行沟通的重要工具。任何民族翻译活动的开展都是在一定社会历史条件下展开的。不同时期的社会历史和文化因素深刻的影响着译者形象。我国的频繁的翻译活动始于东汉末年的佛经翻译，经历了明末清初的科技翻译，清末民初的西学翻译三大高潮。在这三大翻译高潮中，译者扮演什么角色？社会各个阶层是如何定位、评价译者的？回答这些问题至关重要，本文将译者置放在一个特殊的历史时段——鸦片战争到五四运动中，梳理译者的形象变迁，探究形象变迁背后的社会历史理据。论文共分六章，，第一章引言部分，对研究背景和研究方法予以整体陈述；第二章，文献综述，包括国内文献综述和国外文献综述以及目前研究的不足；第三章，译者乃“叛逆者”：鸦片战争到洋务运动中的译者形象,梳理这一历史时段的译者形象，探究其形象形成的社会历史原因；第四章为“媒婆”“假洋鬼子”“带镣铐的舞者”：洋务运动到新文化运动之间的译者形象。第五章，译者乃“普罗米修斯”：新文化运动到五四之后的译者形象,梳理了这一历史时段的译者形象，探究译者形象形成的社会历史根由。第六章结论，对整篇论文进行了总结，并指出其不足之处。本文从历史的维度，分阶段总结了从晚清到五四时期的译者的构成和来源，社会各阶层对译者的历史评价，继而探讨译者形象演变，最终得出诱发这种演变的社会历史原因。本文的结论如下： 1.本文梳理了译者形象历史变迁的总体轨迹。就整体而言，译者形象经历了从鸦片战争期间的“叛逆者”负面形象，洋务运动前后的“媒婆”“假洋鬼子”形象，到五四运动前后的“普罗米修斯”的正面形象。这种形象随着社会历史语境的改变缓慢发生转变，伴随着形象上的变化，译者的社会地位逐步提升，其主体地位也得以突显。 2.从译者构成的角度来看，在社会发展的不同阶段，译者构成不尽相同。鸦片战争时期，译者主要由封建士大夫阶级及沿海地区最早和洋人接触地区的知识分子担任。从洋务运动之后，学堂的兴建，使得这一时期涌现了各种翻译人才，另外在这一阶段出现了最初的买办资产阶级，他们是日后翻译的主力军。新文化到五四之间，中国的译者主要由具有最初民族资产阶级思想的有志之士担任，比如当时的维新派。各种新式学堂和翻译馆的新建，推动了中国翻译活动不断发展。 3.译者形象变迁的原因有二：内部原因即社会历史语境、国内的政治经济情况；外部原因，即中西交流的日益频繁，促使译者身份由负面形象到正面形象的转变。
[Abstract]:Translation is an important tool for communication between different ethnic groups. Any national translation activities are carried out under certain social and historical conditions. Social, historical and cultural factors in different periods have a profound impact on the image of the translator. The frequent translation activities in China began with the translation of Buddhist scriptures in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. What role does the translator play in the translation of science and technology in the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, and the western translation in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China? How do all levels of society position and evaluate translators? It is very important to answer these questions. This paper puts the translator in a special historical period-the Opium War to the May 4th Movement, combs the translator's image changes and explores the social and historical reasons behind the image changes. The first chapter introduces the background and methods of the research; the second chapter, the literature review, including domestic literature review and foreign literature review, as well as the deficiencies of the current research; chapter three, The translator is a "traitor": the image of the translator in the Opium War to the Westernization Movement, combing the image of the translator in this historical period, and exploring the social and historical reasons for the formation of the image; Chapter 4th is "matchmaker," "fake foreign devils," "shackled dancers": the translator's image between Westernization Movement and New Culture Movement. 5th, Prometheus: the translator's image after the May 4th Movement of the New Culture Movement. This paper combs the translator's image in this historical period, probes into the social and historical reasons for the formation of the translator's image, concludes the whole paper, and points out its shortcomings. From the perspective of history, this paper sums up the composition and source of translators from the late Qing Dynasty to the May 4th period, the historical evaluation of translators from different social strata, and then discusses the evolution of the translator's image, and finally comes to the social and historical reasons that induce this evolution. The conclusions of this paper are as follows:. 1. This paper combs the overall track of the historical changes in the image of the translator. On the whole, the image of the translator has experienced the negative image of "rebel" during the Opium War and the image of "matchmaker" "fake foreigner" before and after the Westernization Movement. To the positive image of Prometheus before and after the May 4th Movement, this image changes slowly with the change of social and historical context, and with the change of image, the translator's social status is gradually improved, and its subjective position is also highlighted. 2. From the perspective of the composition of the translator, in the different stages of social development, the composition of the translator is different. The translators were mainly composed of the feudal literati and officials and the intellectuals in the coastal areas who had the earliest contact with foreigners. After the Westernization Movement, the construction of the school led to the emergence of various translation talents during this period. In addition, the initial comprador bourgeoisie appeared at this stage, and they were the main force of translation in the future. Between the New Culture and the May 4th Movement, the translators in China were mainly those with lofty aspirations who had the original national bourgeois ideology. For example, the reformist school and the new translation hall promoted the development of translation activities in China. 3. There are two reasons for the translator's image change: the internal reasons are the social and historical context, the domestic political and economic situation, and the external reasons, that is, the increasing frequency of communication between China and the West, promote the translator's identity change from the negative image to the positive image.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H315.9

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