美国跨国农业公司对中国粮食安全的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 08:23

本文选题：美国跨国农业公司　切入点：粮食安全　出处：《延边大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：冷战结束后,世界进入到了一段相对和平、安全的时期,传统安全威胁弱化。传统安全威胁与非传统安全威胁错综复杂的交织在一起,非传统安全威胁的逐渐凸显,对世界的和平与稳定、各国的国家安全提出了一个新的挑战。1983年4月,“粮食安全”这一概念在联合国粮农组织粮食安全委员会上被通过,并得到联合国粮食及农业组织、世界粮食理事会、联合国经济和社会理事会等国际组织和国际社会的广泛赞同和支持。粮食安全问题作为非传统安全威胁的一个方面,它不仅仅是农业经济问题,也已经成为一个全球性的政治问题、社会问题,关系着世界各国乃至全球的安全与稳定。在全球性粮食贸易的背景下,跨国公司资本对粮食供给、价格的操纵,使得粮食已经不仅仅是一种资源,它也是一种经济资本,对国家来说更是一种政治外交战略的武器。在美国的全球战略中,跨国农业公司成为美国实行粮食战略的工具。孟山都、杜邦公司、美国阿彻丹尼尔斯米德兰公司、嘉吉公司是目前美国最大的四家跨国农业公司。它们分别在转基因技术的开发应用、粮食国际贸易、种子研发等方面形成了寡头垄断,并控制了农产品从生产加工到运输、销售各个环节,最终实现了公司发展战略的全球布局。在美国的全球战略中,跨国农业公司逐步实现了与政府的配合。每一个跨国农业公司都有政府背景,也有国家支持的配套政策,依靠这些政策、资金、技术、市场等手段来实施美国的粮食战略。美国政府通过这些跨国公司来达到威胁、控制其他国家的目标,向全球输送美国霸权。2013年12月,中央经济工作会议在北京召开,会上提出了2014年经济工作的主要任务,粮食安全首次被提至“国家战略”的高度,而“切实保障国家粮食安全”成为2014年经济工作最主要的任务。在此背景下,突出和强调农业安全、粮食安全是非常必要的,对新时期中国整体的国家安全建设是必要的补充。跨国农业公司对中国粮食安全的影响不可小觑,跨国公司正是基于其拥有经济和政治双重属性才成为中美关系发展中重要的关节点之一。中国的粮食安全存在很大的隐患,并与美国粮食安全战略之间存在很大的差距。美国跨国农业公司在中国的发展速度不断加快,就使得中国政府要充分认识到跨国公司的发展具有两面性,如何实现对跨国农业公司的合理利用、维护国内市场的粮食价格稳定、更好的促进经济的发展,同时避免跨国农业公司一些损害我国利益的行为,这将是一个值得探讨的重要课题,也是中国积极参与到国际事务中去,更好发挥中国在世界政治经济中巨大作用的一个重要方面。本文将以此来解读美国跨国农业公司对中国粮食安全的影响,并结合中国粮食安全现状,提出应对美国跨国农业公司威胁中国粮食安全的办法与措施。
[Abstract]:After the end of the Cold War, the world entered a period of relative peace and security, traditional security threats weakened. Traditional security threats and non-traditional security threats are intricately intertwined, and non-traditional security threats become increasingly prominent. The concept of "food security" was adopted by the Committee on Food Security of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on April 1983 and was received by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The broad endorsement and support of international organizations such as the World Food Council, the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations and the international community... the issue of food security, as an aspect of non-traditional security threats, is not merely an agricultural economic issue, It has also become a global political problem, a social problem, which is related to the security and stability of all countries and even the world. Under the background of global food trade, transnational corporations' capital manipulates food supply and prices. Food has become not only a resource, but also an economic capital, and a political and diplomatic strategy for the country. In the global strategy of the United States, Multinational agricultural companies have become tools for the United States to pursue its food strategy. Monsanto, DuPont, Archer Daniels Midland, Cargill is currently the largest four multinational agricultural companies in the United States. They have formed an oligopoly in the development and application of genetically modified technology, international trade in grain, seed research and development, respectively, and have controlled agricultural products from production and processing to transportation. In the global strategy of the United States, transnational agricultural companies have gradually realized cooperation with the government. Each multinational agricultural company has a government background. There are also state-supported supporting policies that rely on these policies, funds, technology, markets, and other means to implement the US food strategy. Through these multinational corporations, the US government achieves its threat and controls the goals of other countries. On December 2013, the Central Economic work Conference was held in Beijing, at which the main tasks of economic work in 2014 were put forward, and food security was raised to the height of "national strategy" for the first time. In 2014, "ensuring national food security" became the most important task of economic work. In this context, it is very necessary to highlight and emphasize agricultural security and food security. This is a necessary supplement to China's overall national security construction in the new era. The impact of multinational agricultural companies on China's food security cannot be underestimated. It is precisely because of their dual economic and political attributes that multinational corporations have become one of the most important key points in the development of Sino-US relations. There are great hidden dangers in China's food security. And there is a big gap between the US food security strategy and the US food security strategy. With the rapid development of US transnational agricultural companies in China, the Chinese government should fully realize that the development of multinational corporations has two sides. How to make rational use of transnational agricultural companies, maintain the stability of food prices in the domestic market, better promote economic development, and at the same time avoid acts of transnational agricultural companies that harm the interests of our country, This will be an important topic worth discussing, and it will also be China's active participation in international affairs. This paper will interpret the impact of US multinational agricultural companies on China's food security, and combine the current situation of China's food security with a better play on China's enormous role in world politics and economy. The methods and measures to deal with the threat to China's food security by American multinational agricultural companies are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F371.2;F326.11

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