构建美国外交政策中的女性主义话语

发布时间：2018-03-22 09:53

本文选题：女性主义话语　切入点：社会性别　出处：《上海外国语大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：女性主义话语是美国女性主义学者从理论研究和实践斗争中得出的知识观和方法论,是解构父权制社会权力结构、构建多元女性身份以及促进各国妇女交流对话的有效工具。女性主义话语汲取女权主义理论的学术精华,从社会性别的视角揭示妇女遭受男权压迫的社会历史根源,并且在此基础上构建女性的政治主体地位。美国各个族裔的妇女都为国家的建立和发展作出了巨大的贡献,但直到19世纪她们仍然处于依附于男性的”二等公民”地位。黑人妇女更是经历了奴隶主、父权统治者和白人女性的多重种族和性别压迫,与第三世界妇女一样面临无数教育、健康和经济问题。女性主义话语揭示出构成美国社会权力等级秩序的种族、阶级和性别关系,强调男女地位的悬殊差距是产生不平等社会制度的重要原因。国际关系女性主义学者以妇女们共同的生活经历为基础,揭示出男权统治者利用白人女性角色规范向其他国家和地区传播西方文明的目的是建立不平等的国际社会权力结构,维持白人男性至上的种族、性别和阶级秩序。女性主义话语解构国际政治理论中的男权话语,并且强调美国国内外的社会性别权力关系是联系美国国内政策与外交政策的重要因素。女性主义国际关系理论是构建美国女性主义外交政策的基本依据。女性主义国际关系学者从女性主体的人性特征出发,强调身受主流社会排斥的妇女是改变不平等的社会性别权力关系和不平等的国际政治经济秩序,以及建设世界”积极和平”的主体力量。女性主义话语揭示出男权政治统治是导致贫富悬殊以及其他”结构性暴力”的重要原因,并且从国家安全、经济安全和生态安全三个方面构建起自成一体的女性主义外交政策方案。基于以上分析,本论文分四个章节阐述构建美国女性主义外交政策的必要性和合理性。第一章论述”社会性别”概念对于揭示美国内外不平等的种族、性别和阶级权力关系的重要意义；第二章论述女性主义话语构建妇女政治历史主体地位的哲学理论基础和现实意义；第三章论述男权国际政治权力结构的弊端和构建女性主义外交政策的理论依椐和积极意义；第四章阐述女性主义外交话语对于揭示美国”人权”意识形态工具的负面作用,及它对于争取女性人权和推动国际法律政策与组织机构改革的重要意义。女性主义国际关系话语不仅能够克服男权统治者按地缘政治理论划分国家安全责任和势力范围界线,区别种族和阶级地位尊卑的政策给世界生态环境带来的负面影响,而且将有力地促进各国妇女和政策制定者之间的交流对话,帮助她们通过各级妇女组织改进以国家安全为中心的外交政策,以实现国际社会和平与公正。
[Abstract]:Feminist discourse is the knowledge view and methodology derived by American feminist scholars from theoretical research and practical struggle, and it is the deconstruction of patriarchal social power structure. The feminist discourse draws on the academic essence of feminist theory and reveals the social and historical root of women being oppressed by male power from the perspective of gender. Women of all ethnic groups in the United States have made great contributions to the establishment and development of the country. But until the 19th century they were still in the status of "second-class citizens" attached to men. Black women had experienced the multiple racial and gender oppressions of slave owners, patriarchal rulers and white women, and faced countless education as women in the third world. Health and economic issues. Feminist discourse reveals the race, class, and gender relationships that make up the hierarchical order of power in American society. Emphasizing that the disparity in the status of men and women is an important cause of unequal social systems and that feminist scholars in international relations are based on the common life experiences of women, It is revealed that the aim of the male rulers in disseminating Western civilization to other countries and regions by using the norms of white women's roles is to establish unequal power structures in the international community and to maintain the white patriarchal race. Gender and Class order. Feminist discourse deconstructs male-dominated discourse in international political theory, It also emphasizes that the relationship between gender and power is an important factor in the connection between American domestic policy and foreign policy, and the feminist theory of international relations is the basic basis for the construction of American feminist foreign policy. Feminist international relations scholars, starting from the human nature of the female subject, emphasize that the women who are excluded from the mainstream society are changing the unequal gender power relationship and the unequal international political and economic order. Feminist discourse reveals that patriarchal political rule is an important cause of the disparity between the rich and the poor and other "structural violence," and from the point of view of national security, On the basis of the above analysis, three aspects of economic security and ecological security are set up to construct a feminist foreign policy scheme. This thesis is divided into four chapters to expound the necessity and rationality of constructing American feminist foreign policy. The first chapter discusses the significance of the concept of "social gender" in revealing the unequal relationship between race, gender and class power at home and abroad. The second chapter discusses the philosophical theoretical basis and practical significance of feminist discourse to construct the status of women's political historical subject, the third chapter discusses the malpractice of the male-dominated international political power structure and the theoretical basis and positive significance of constructing feminist foreign policy. The fourth chapter expounds the negative effect of feminist diplomatic discourse on revealing the ideological tools of "human rights" in the United States. And its significance for women's human rights and the reform of international legal policies and organizations. Feminist discourse on international relations not only overcomes the division of national security responsibilities and spheres of influence between patriarchal rulers on the basis of geopolitical theories, The negative impact on the ecological environment of the world of policies that distinguish racial and class status and inferiority, and which will contribute to an interactive dialogue between women and policymakers in all countries, To help them improve their national security-centred foreign policy through women's organizations at all levels in order to achieve peace and justice in the international community.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D971.2

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