古代契约文书中“用度”类词语历时演变研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 16:24

本文选题：契约文书　切入点：用度　出处：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：古代契约文书以中国封建社会政治经济生活的命脉土地为交换对象,契约双方大多属于民间的或乡族间的百姓,各时期政府均有关于土地契约的法条律令,对契约活动加以管理和保护。因而契约语言具有日常性、严肃性、广泛性和通俗性。近些年来随着各地契约文书史料的不断出土和公开,契约学的日益渐兴,对契约文书的解读和研究成为一大热门,而语言文字作为文本研究的基础,显得更加重要和迫切。本文选取古代契约文书中“用度”类词语,对其中主要的二十八个词语进行辑录考释。文中所探讨的“用度”类词语主要依据词汇系统进行分析,分别从这类词语的语素特征、语体特征、语用特征、词性特点的角度对比研究,同时结合历时发展规律和地域分布特点作了较详细的图表统计和文字说明。从历时和共时的角度对古代契约文书中“用度”类词语进行了梳理和考察,总结归纳了该类词语以及内部各成员之间的发展和演变规律,考察了其中的方言用词现象,“用度”类词语存在时期上自先秦,下讫明清,各个时代都有用例,每个时段所体现出的词语面貌也有同有异。从地域角度对“用度”类词语的存在面貌进行描述,“用度”类词语地域分布范围有广有窄,地域分布不均,这类词语呈现出鲜明的地方特色。总体上看,这类词语在发展过程中,双音节化明显,具有鲜明的时代特点、地域特点和语体特点。除此之外,本文还对比其他传世文献中“用度”类词语的使用情况,综合分析研究,弥补由于契约文书语料的单一性和特殊性造成的对词语发展研究的影响。“用度”类词语的研究,既对契约文书的阅读有帮助,也能为辞书的修订提供意见,补充《汉语大词典》失收的词条和义项,从而以期达到为汉语词汇史的研究做些许补充的希冀。
[Abstract]:The ancient contract documents were exchanged for the vital land of the political and economic life of the feudal society of China. Most of the parties to the contract belonged to the folk or the people of the rural ethnic groups. The government of each period had laws and decrees on the land contract. The contract language is daily, serious, extensive and popular. In recent years, with the unearthed and open history of contract documents, contract studies have become increasingly popular. The interpretation and study of contract documents has become a hot topic, and the language and characters are more important and urgent as the basis of text research. The main twenty-eight words are analyzed according to the lexical system, and the morpheme features, stylistic features and pragmatic features of these words are analyzed respectively. A comparative study of the characteristics of parts of speech, At the same time, combined with diachronic development law and regional distribution characteristics, this paper makes detailed chart statistics and written explanation. From the angle of diachronic and synchronic, this paper combs and inspects the category of "usage" in ancient contract documents. This paper sums up the development and evolution of this kind of words and their internal members, and investigates the phenomenon of dialect words. The existence period of "usage" is from the pre-Qin period, the lower Ming and Qing dynasties, and the useful examples of each era. The appearance of the words reflected in each period is different. From the regional point of view, the existence of the words "degree of use" is described. The scope of regional distribution of the words of "degree of use" is wide and narrow, and the regional distribution is uneven. This kind of words show distinct local characteristics. In general, in the development process of these words, the dicyllabic features are obvious, with distinct characteristics of the times, regions and style. In addition, This paper also compares the usage of "degree" words in other documents, and makes up for the influence of the singularity and particularity of the corpus of contract documents on the study of word development. It can not only help the reading of contract documents, but also provide advice for the revision of dictionaries, and supplement the missing entries and meanings of the Chinese Dictionary, so as to achieve some expectations for the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H13

【共引文献】