科尔沁区地下水脆弱性评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 16:53

本文选题：科尔沁区　切入点：地下水脆弱性　出处：《清华大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：科尔沁区是内蒙古通辽市的政治、经济、文化中心，是以地下水为主要水资源的地区，近些年来在工农业快速发展的同时，，该地区地下水资源也出现了一系列的问题。基于“以防为主”的地下水脆弱性评价研究是保护地下水资源的基础，可以为地区的土地规划布局、地下水资源保护以及水质监测井网优化等提供参考意见。地下水脆弱性研究可分为本质脆弱性与特殊脆弱性两类，本研究在借鉴国内外研究经验的基础上，同时深入开展了科尔沁区的地下水本质脆弱性与特殊脆弱性的评价研究。在传统的DRASTIC模型的基础上，本文选取了地下水埋深等5个本质脆弱性评价指标体系，并在其基础上，考虑人类活动的影响，添加土地利用类型、超采区划分这两个评价指标，构成特殊脆弱性评价指标体系。针对各个评价指标在研究区的分布，建立了相应的评分体系。并采用综合赋权的方式，得到各评价指标的综合权重，增加了权重体系的可靠性。本文结合ArcGIS对空间数据的处理编辑及可视化功能，叠加各评价指标的分布图，得到研究区的本质脆弱性分布图。分别利用综合评分法及模糊优选方法这两种方法，对研究区的地下水特殊脆弱性展开了研究。并分别对各脆弱性分布图的空间分布特征及原因进行了统计分析。本研究对研究区域的水质监测井的水质展开了评价分析，将水质指标与脆弱性分布图进行了比对统计，验证了脆弱性评价结果的合理性。并将本质脆弱性分布图与特殊脆弱性分布图进行了统计比较，分析了人类活动对科尔沁区地下水脆弱性的影响变化。最后根据地下水脆弱性评价的结果，对科尔沁区的地下水资源保护提出了相应的对策与意见。
[Abstract]:Korqin District is the political, economic and cultural center of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia. It is a region with groundwater as the main water resource. In recent years, along with the rapid development of industry and agriculture, Groundwater resources in this area also have a series of problems. Groundwater vulnerability assessment based on "prevention" is the foundation of groundwater resources protection and can be used for land planning and layout in the region. Reference suggestions are provided for groundwater resources protection and water quality monitoring well pattern optimization. The study of groundwater vulnerability can be divided into two categories: essential vulnerability and special vulnerability. Based on the experience of domestic and foreign research, the evaluation of essential vulnerability and special vulnerability of groundwater in Korqin area has been carried out. On the basis of the traditional DRASTIC model, this paper selects five essential vulnerability evaluation index systems such as groundwater depth and so on. On the basis of the index system, considering the influence of human activities, we add the land use type and divide the overmining area. According to the distribution of each evaluation index in the study area, the corresponding scoring system is established, and the comprehensive weight of each evaluation index is obtained by the way of comprehensive weighting, which increases the reliability of the weight system. In this paper, combined with the processing, editing and visualization of spatial data by ArcGIS, the distribution map of each evaluation index is superimposed, and the essential vulnerability distribution map of the study area is obtained. The two methods, the comprehensive scoring method and the fuzzy optimal selection method, are used respectively. The special vulnerability of groundwater in the study area was studied, and the spatial distribution characteristics and causes of each vulnerability map were analyzed statistically. In this study, the water quality of water quality monitoring wells in the study area was evaluated and analyzed, and the water quality index and vulnerability distribution map were compared and counted. The rationality of vulnerability assessment was verified, and the essential vulnerability distribution map was compared with the special vulnerability distribution map, and the effects of human activities on groundwater vulnerability in Korqin area were analyzed. Finally, according to the results of groundwater vulnerability assessment, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for groundwater resources protection in Korqin district are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P641.8

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