试论引语的语用翻译策略

发布时间：2018-03-29 11:48

本文选题：引语　切入点：语用功能　出处：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：引语,作为一种常见的写作方式,指引自其他书籍或文章的语句或段落,其使用在各类写作尤其是新闻报道、致辞类文章中较为常见,而引语的文本功能则因作者的语用意图而定。引经据典,对作者来说可以是信手拈来,但对译者来说,却是一项严峻的考验。译者不仅要传达引语的具体内容,更要恰当地体现原作者引用的语用目的。引语的语用目的,是语篇作者为了保持自己作品的连贯性,借此达到讽刺,劝导,逗趣等目的的一个操作过程。作者的引用目的也往往分为很多层次,从言语交际层面,作者或是引经据典来支持自己的观点,给读者留下深刻印象；或是有意违反语言常规、正话反说来讽刺世事,引起读者的共鸣；或是为了敏感话题不便说出自己的立场,借引用让自己“隐身”。引用语的使用甚至能为我们取得意想不到的政治、经济和外交目的。从语用学角度来看,引语不仅承载着传递原文信息的功能,有些引语还具有独特的文化或审美功能。引语翻译的目的主要体现在使目的语受众对相关引语译文有语用功能等效上的理解与接受。在翻译过程中,如果对双语语言文化知识没有很好的掌握,或对这些引语的功能没有给予足够的重视,就很难实现原文和译文的语用功能对等。在本翻译评注中,作者首先就语用翻译理论进行了回顾。从代表人物、中心思想、主要学术作品和明确定义等方面进行了论述。语用学是推断语言在语境中意义的学问,语用学的翻译观可以说是一种等效翻译理论。语用翻译通过两种语言的对比,分别研究语用语言等效和社交语用等效的问题。在翻译过程中,译者或是顺从读者的文化习惯,打破原文的束缚,变洋为土；或是以强调原文精髓为目的,力求保留原文的风格和文化,为读者增长见识。在翻译实践中,很难明确区分语用语言和社交语用这两种等效,因此,我们大可不必拘泥于求得哪种等效,只需在考虑原著的“语用用意”的基础上,兼顾从社会、文化交际的角度去思索目的语的使用。其次,作者也就国内的引语翻译研究现状进行了总结。长期以来,在语篇翻译过程中,引语常常因其所占篇幅小,相对零散而未受到翻译实践与理论研究的充分关注。本文作者在收集材料的过程中发现,国内引语翻译研究多聚焦在中国古典文学的英译上,编纂的相关工具书也多为汉译英词典,提出的很多翻译方法诸如“形式保留和形式转换”、“形式对应和形式变通”、“归化与异化”等也比较笼统,并且并未自成体系。因此,笔者认为英语引语的汉译问题是一个很有意义的研究方向。本次翻译实践项目的源语语篇节选自《莎士比亚戏剧中的食物——早期现代食物和戏剧》一书中的第二章。文章是一篇说明文,其最大的写作特色在于书中使用了为数众多的古书引语、药典引语和莎士比亚戏剧的穿插引用。由于语言文化背景的差异,文中引语的处理成为该书翻译过程中的一个重点和难点。在翻译过程中,单纯采用直译的方式只能传递引语的字面信息,却无法传递原文的文化内涵,克服其中的文化异质性,甚至会给读者带来困惑。引语作为一种话语方式,作者自然有其语用深意。因此,引语翻译的语用策略值得探究。本论文从Food of Shakespeare—Early Modern Dietaries and the Play一书中引语翻译的具体实践出发,以引语的引用形式和内容角度为依据,将原文中的引语划分为五类,并对这五种引语的语用目的进行分析,总结出引语信息传递、文化载体和艺术审美三大基本功能并进行了具体阐释。最后,以语用翻译理论为指导,探讨了不同类别引语的语用翻译策略,针对信息传递功能提出直译和编译两种方法,针对文化载体功能提出直译加注释和意译两种方法,针对艺术审美功能提出意译和借用两种方法。本文作者认为,引语的使用有其特定的语用功能,对于不同语用功能的引语,译者应分别采取不同的翻译策略,才能实现最大程度上的语用等效。
[Abstract]:Speech, as a common way of writing, guide books or articles from other sentences or paragraphs, especially its use in all kinds of writing news reports, articles in common speech, speech and text function for the purpose of author's pragmatic and. The author is cited can come in handy, but for the translator it is a severe test. The translator should not only convey the specific content of the speech, but also to properly reflect the pragmatic purpose of the original author cited. Pragmatic purpose of speech discourse, is the author in order to maintain their works to achieve coherence, irony, persuasion, a process to the reference purpose. Funny the author is often divided into many levels, from the communicative aspect, author or classics to support their own ideas, impress the readers; or is intended to break the conventional language, litotes The irony, resonate with readers; or to their position sensitive topics inconvenient, by introducing yourself "stealth". The quotation and can obtain the unexpected political for us, economic and diplomatic purposes. From the perspective of pragmatics, speech not only carries convey information function, some quotations also has a unique cultural or aesthetic functions. The purpose of speech translation is mainly reflected in the target audience of speech translation has pragmatic functions of equivalent understanding and acceptance. In the process of translation, if the bilingual language knowledge is not very good grasp of the function of speech, or have not paid enough attention to it is very difficult to realize the pragmatic function of the original and the translation equivalence.
In the translation of the commentary, the author firstly reviews the theories of pragmatic translation. From the representative, the central idea, the main academic works and clearly defined areas were discussed. The pragmatic inference is the significance of language in the context of knowledge, a pragmatic view of translation can be said to be a kind of equivalent translation theory pragmatic translation through. The comparison of the two languages, respectively study the pragmatic equivalence of language and sociality. The problems in the process of translation, the translator is the reader or obedience culture, breaking the original bound variable ocean soil; or to emphasize the original essence for the purpose, and strive to maintain the original style and culture, experience for readers growth. In translation practice, it is difficult to make a clear distinction between pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic equivalent of the two, so we are not constrained to obtain what kind of equivalent, only need to consider the original "pragmatic" on the basis of, Consider the use of the target language from the perspective of social and cultural communication.
Secondly, the author also study status quo of speech translation in domestic are summarized. For a long time, in the process of discourse translation, speech often because of their space is small, relatively fragmented and has not been fully focus on the theory and practice of translation studies. The author finds that in the process of collecting materials, the domestic research of multi focus speech translation in the translation of Chinese classical literature, related books compiled mostly for C-E dictionary translation, many methods such as the proposed "conversion" and "preserved in the form of form, form and form the corresponding alternative", "domestication and Foreignization" is too general, and not self system. Therefore, the author thinks that the translation of English speech is a very meaningful research direction.
This translation project source text excerpts from "in Shakespeare's food, the second chapter of modern food and drama" a book in early. It is proved that, the biggest feature is the use of writing the book as a number of ancient books, speech, speech and drama Shakespeare Pharmacopoeia quotes. Because of differences in language and culture background, the speech has become one of the key and difficult books in the process of translation. In the translation process, the only way to transfer the literal literal speech information, but can not convey the cultural connotation, overcome the cultural heterogeneity of them, even will bring readers confused. Speech as a discourse, the author has its pragmatic meaning. Therefore, the pragmatic strategies of speech translation are worth exploring.
This paper from the concrete practice of Food of Shakespeare Early Modern Dietaries and "the Play a Book Translation of the reference angle with a quotation form and content as the basis, the text of the speech is divided into five categories, and pragmatic purpose of the five kinds of speech analysis, speech summed up the transmission of information, culture carrier art and aesthetic three basic functions and gives specific explanations. Finally, in pragmatic translation theory, discusses the pragmatic translation strategies of different categories of speech, according to the information transmission function put forward two methods of literal translation and free translation, according to the function of cultural carrier put forward two methods of literal translation plus annotation and translation, the aesthetic function and puts forward two methods of translation and borrowing. The author believes that the use of quotation has its specific pragmatic functions for different pragmatic functions of the speech, the translator should adopt different translation respectively. Strategies can achieve the maximum pragmatic equivalence.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H315.9

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