黑龙江省哈尔滨市区地质灾害研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 06:56

本文选题：哈尔滨　切入点：地质灾害　出处：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：哈尔滨市位于我国东北地区北部，是东北地区最大最繁华的国际化大都市之一，国家级的政治、经济、文化和交通中心，为黑龙江省的省会，市区面积7092平方公里，人口587.9万人。近年来，哈尔滨市经济建设不断加快，城市的发展极其迅速，为人民的生活带来了诸多便利。但随着人类工程经济活动的逐渐增多，也给地质环境带来了巨大的影响和压力，产生了许多问题，同时，受自然因素的诱发，造成了多种类型的城市地质灾害，严重影响着城市居民生命和财产安全。仅在2012年8月9日至8月29日的20天时间里，哈尔滨市区内便连续发生9起突发性地面塌陷，共造成两人死亡、两人受重伤、两车坠落塌陷坑的严重后果，产生了巨大危害，严重威胁着城市居民的生活安全和财产安全，并严重影响了城市的良好形象，阻碍了城市社会经济发展。因此，为了有效控制地质灾害的发生发展，最大限度的降低地质灾害对社会经济发展造成的负面影响，减少经济损失，本次研究结合哈尔滨市以往的基础地质、水文地质、工程地质工作，调查了哈尔滨市区内现有地质灾害类型，对其成因、分布特征及发生发展规律进行了初步的探讨分析，并根据哈尔滨市实际情况，提出了一定的防治对策。本次工作对提高区域内防治地质灾害的水平，保护市区人民生命财产安全和促进地方经济可持续发展具有重要意义，对今后在哈尔滨市区及周边开展进一步的专题地质灾害研究、地质灾害防治、地质环境调查、地下水资源评价、地下空间探测、三维地质模型建设等工作均具有重要的参考意义。哈尔滨市主城区所在的平原区地质灾害类型主要为地面沉降和地面塌陷，崩塌、不稳定斜坡、水土侵蚀、河岸坍塌等地质灾害主要存在于阿城区。其中地面沉降面积主要由过量开采地下水所引起，2007年，地面沉降面积为52.9平方公里，地表形变最大上升及下沉量均在0.6厘米左右，总体稳定；地面塌陷主要受地下设施、管线破损等因素影响，已发现各类隐患1031处，威胁较大的隐患点为28处，目前均已得到有效治理；其他地质灾害主要有崩塌74处、不稳定斜坡240处、水土侵蚀42处、河岸坍塌80处，，共毁坏农田51.7亩、树木4380棵、半毁道路1350米，半毁房屋21间，造成的直接经济损失为367.55万元。
[Abstract]:Harbin is located in the northern part of Northeast China. It is one of the largest and most prosperous international metropolises in Northeast China. The national political, economic, cultural and transportation center is the capital city of Heilongjiang province. The urban area is 7092 square kilometers, and the population is 5 million 879 thousand.
In recent years, the economic construction of Harbin city continues to accelerate, the development of the city is extremely rapid, has brought a lot of convenience for people's life. But with the increasing economic activities of human beings, but also to the geological environment has brought great influence and pressure, caused a lot of problems, at the same time, the induced by natural factors, caused the disaster various types of geological City, city residents seriously affect the safety of life and property. Only in August 9, 2012 to August 29th 20 days, in the city of Harbin has occurred for 9 consecutive cases of sudden collapse, a total of two people were killed, two seriously injured, two car crash serious consequences of collapse pit, caused great harm city residents, a serious threat to the safety of life and property, and seriously affected the good image of the city, has hindered the social and economic development of the city.
Therefore, in order to effectively control the occurrence and development of geological disasters, the negative impact of the maximum reduction of geological disasters on the social and economic development, reduce economic losses, this study combined with the basic geology, past Harbin hydrogeological, engineering geological investigation work, the type of Harbin city within the existing geological disasters, the causes, distribution characteristics and the occurrence and development of law has carried on the preliminary discussion and analysis, according to the actual situation of Harbin City, puts forward some countermeasures of prevention and treatment. This work to improve the prevention and control of geological disasters in the region, has important significance to protect the urban people's life and property safety and promote the sustainable development of the local economy, the future research topics in the development of further geological disasters Harbin and the surrounding areas, prevention and control of geological disasters, geological environment investigation and evaluation of groundwater resources, underground space exploration, 3D geological model The work of type construction has important reference significance.
Geological disaster types in the plains where the main city of Harbin city is the main land subsidence and ground subsidence, collapse, unstable slope, soil erosion, river bank collapse and other geological disasters mainly exist in the A Cheng area. The land subsidence area is mainly caused by excessive exploitation of groundwater, land subsidence in 2007, covers an area of 52.9 square kilometers, the maximum surface deformation rising and sinking volume at 0.6 cm, and overall stability; ground subsidence is mainly affected by the underground pipeline facilities, damage and other factors, has been found in all kinds of hazards 1031, major threats hidden point 28, there have been effective governance; other geological disasters have collapsed in 74, 240 unstable slopes. The soil erosion in 42, the collapse of the banks of 80, 51.7 acres of farmland were destroyed, trees in 4380, half destroyed the road 1350 meters, half destroyed 21 houses, causing direct economic losses of 3 million 675 thousand and 500 yuan.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P694

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