西欧科学观念的地方性解构与后殖民重构

发布时间：2018-04-08 10:29

本文选题：西欧科学　切入点：普遍性　出处：《云南师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在对科学的传统观念的理解中，西欧科学被认为是客观和普遍的知识体系，它对普遍性、客观性和绝对性的追求蕴含在古希腊的现象与本体二分、近现代科学认识和科学实在论的哲学思想之中。这种对传统科学观中科学具有普遍性的辩护属于一种纯粹思辨的概念逻辑运动，进而遭遇逻辑主义困境。同时，随着科学改造自然能力的提高以及科学成为人类生活的基本的和最为主要的组成部分，以西欧中心主义为代表的科学被认为是产生现代性危机的根源。但是，它也是基于斑杂的现象界、在特定社会历史文化境况和实验室座驾中的地方性实践活动，，由此产生了拒斥普遍性、将地方性内具于科学的知识观。然而，尽管地方性知识观从实践优位的视角出发对相对主义采取接受或避免的态度，但它仍旧没有实际解决西欧科学在文化传播和价值导向过程中所体现的强势的现代性叙事，反而无可避免地陷入认识论和文化上的相对主义。同时，由于它主要强调实验室座驾中科学家与其他科学家、实验仪器、实验结果等的交往互动过程，转而疏离了全球化的真实的社会历史和现实发展境况，从而仍旧具有某种程度的孤立性质，所以，这种地方性知识观尽管从自然主义的视角出发，但其仍旧没有描述出作为在世之在的科学的全貌或整体图景，从而为进一步描述处于混杂时空中的科学形象奠定了契机和可能性。也就是说，地方性知识观的这种话语开放性为西欧科学观念的重构提供了自然主义的视角和思考前提。实际上，西欧科学不能完全归结为普遍性知识或地方性知识，结合后殖民科学观、行动者网络理论和旅行理论的后殖民技科学观为西欧科学知识观的重构提供了理念支持，在后殖民技科学观中，知识作为一种实际语境中的实践活动形式，在处于混杂时空中的社会历史和技术经验等异质性要素构成的“无缝之网”或不均匀多相系统中以多重共振的方式不断获得转译、重组、交易甚至取代，由此构成了科学的新形象和解决现代性危机的新走向。换句话说，在全球化、交往日益频繁的当代社会历史语境中，西欧科学等处于强势地位的知识在入侵和改造弱势知识时，并非是强势知识对弱势知识进行单纯地同化或同构，而是包括西欧科学在内的各类知识在接触空间中构成多事件共存的复杂纠缠状态，并与当地的语言文化、政治、经济等形成不均匀的异质的多相系统，处于不同价值取向、认识方式和理论视野中的知识在实践性的紧密接触中以多重共振的方式、在某种程度上形成一种世界形态的知识，这种世界形态的知识构成了全球意义上的科学新形象。基于新的科学形象，现代性危机不再是传统科学观所认为的产生于西欧地区的科学知识的独立霸权和由之所带来的强势控制欲望，而是转向为游刃于世界知识与实践之网中的诸多要素的博弈力量，以及由这种博弈力量所形成的产物和结果，这是一种与当代社会现实相契合的新型现代性危机，其解决思路需要以系统性、复杂性的思维方式和操作旨趣对整体的知识-实践网络进行多角度、多节点的制衡和调控，才能逐渐转化甚至消解这种危机。
[Abstract]:In the traditional concept of scientific understanding, Western science is considered to be objective and universal knowledge system, it is of universality, objectivity and absolute pursuit contained in ancient Greek phenomenon and noumenon two points, philosophy of modern scientific understanding and scientific realism. The universality of traditional science in the view of scientific justification is a purely speculative concept of logical movement, and encountered the logical dilemma. At the same time, along with the reform of the natural ability of science and science has become the basic human life and the most part of the main points in Western Europe centered as the representative of science is considered the origin of the modern crisis. However, it is also based on the phenomenon of taxitic, in the specific social and historical cultural situation in the car and Laboratory of local practice activities, resulting in the rejection of universality, the party inside out In the view of knowledge science. However, although the local knowledge view from the perspective of practice priority of take or avoid attitude towards relativism, but it still did not solve the actual western science embodied in the dissemination of culture and value orientation in the process of a strong narrative of modernity, but inevitably, epistemology and culture on the relativism. At the same time, because of its emphasis on laboratory scientists and other scientists in the car, the experimental instrument, the interaction process of the experimental results, and the alienation of the globalization of the real social history and reality development situation, which still has a certain degree of isolation properties, therefore, the local view of knowledge while starting from naturalism from the perspective of but they do not describe as a scientific picture of the overall picture or being in the world, so as to further describe the air in hybrid Science School image laid the opportunity and possibility. That is to say, the reconstruction of this discourse open localknowledge view for western scientific concepts and provides a perspective and thinking premise of naturalism. In fact, Western science can not be completely attributed to universal knowledge or local knowledge, combining the postcolonial view of science, provides concept support colonial technoscience for western scientific knowledge view reconstruction of actor network theory and travel theory, in the postcolonial technoscience, as a kind of practical knowledge in the context of the form of practice, in the mixed space in the social history and technology experience constitute the heterogeneous elements of "seamless web" or uneven multi phase system with multiple resonance mode to translation, reorganization, or even replace the transaction, thus forming the new image of science and solve the crisis of modernity the new trend. In other words, in the Globalization, contemporary social and historical context of the increasingly frequent exchanges in Western Science in a strong position in the invasion and transformation of knowledge vulnerable knowledge, knowledge is not strong or weak isomorphism simply assimilate knowledge, including science in Western Europe, but all kinds of knowledge in the contact space constitutes a complex entangled multi event coexist, and the local political and economic, language and culture, such as the formation of heterogeneous inhomogeneous multiphase systems, in a different way of knowledge and value orientation, in the view of the theory of knowledge in the practice of close contact with multiple resonance mode, forming a world morphological knowledge to a certain extent, the world of knowledge a new image of the global scientific sense. The new image of science based on the modern crisis is no longer a traditional scientific view that originated in the western regions of the scientific knowledge Independent and strong desire to control the hegemony brought by it, but to force game factors maneuver in the world knowledge and practice in the network, and formed by the power of this game result, this is a new type of modern crisis fit with the reality of contemporary society, the solution needs to the complexity of system, mode of thinking and operation of the whole knowledge and practice purport of network multi angle, multi node balance and regulation, to translate or even eliminated the crisis.

【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：N09

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