后金（清）社会变革下汉鲜女俘问题研究（1616-1644）

发布时间：2018-04-24 09:44

本文选题：后金(清)时期 + 社会变革　；参考：《渤海大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：后金(清)时期(1616-1644年),努尔哈赤和皇太极通过发动对外战争掠夺人口,特别是来自明王朝和李氏朝鲜的人民,为清(后金)入关前政权的确立、巩固和发展提供了重要的人力和物力资源,成为了后金(清)社会经济、政治、文化等方面发展的重要动力。后金(清)通过与明、鲜作战俘获了大量汉族女性和朝鲜女性,统治者对她们采取了为奴、为妓、买卖等处置方式,她们作为社会弱势群体,在后金(清)政权崛起和对外扩过程中,汉鲜女俘问题在后金(清)社会政治、经济等方面的变革,扮演着十分重要的角色,因其数量庞大,身份特殊,所以她们的归宿问题在女真社会统治下得到了充分关注。努尔哈赤和皇太极共俘获汉族人口达百万之众,女性人口占有很大比重。而对女性的占有在当时已经成为了一种习惯,统治者通常将俘获的汉族女子赏赐给下级将领,用以犒劳有功将士。以至于当时社会形成了一股狎妓汉族女俘的歪风邪气,影响了社会秩序,满汉两民族曾因此产生了很深的矛盾,为了缓和满洲政权内部紧张的民族关系,太祖、太宗皇帝采取了恩养的民族政策。皇太极继位初期,明朝彻底割断了与后金(清)的互市贸易,后金社会便失去了基本的物质生活资料来源,国内爆发了严重的饥荒。此时,太宗皇帝为了另谋贸易通道,便将矛头指向了近邻朝鲜。通过“丁卯之役”“丙子之役”两次对朝战争,后金(清)政权抢掠了数以万计朝鲜人口和财物,被俘获的大量朝鲜女性被带到后金(清)境内,用以进行人口买卖活动。太祖皇帝将被俘朝鲜人口作为两国互市贸易的重要筹码,借此从朝鲜获得政治、经济、军事上的支持。两国经过长达十余年的人口赎还问题的交涉,最终由“丁卯”“兄弟关系”演变为“丙子”“君臣之义”,清朝也因此加快了入主中原的步伐。
[Abstract]:In the later Jin Dynasty (Qing Dynasty), in 1616-1644, Nuerhachi and Huangtai Dynasty plundered the population by waging a foreign war, especially the people from the Ming Dynasty and the Lee's Republic of Korea, for the establishment of the regime before the entry of the Qing Dynasty (the later Jin Dynasty). The consolidation and development provided important human and material resources, and became the important motive force for the development of social economy, politics, culture and so on. Later Jin (Qing) captured a large number of Han women and Korean women through war with the Ming Dynasty. The rulers treated them as slaves, prostitutes, buying and selling, and so on. They were regarded as vulnerable groups in society. In the process of the rise of the regime of the later Jin Dynasty (Qing Dynasty) and its outward expansion, the issue of female captivity in the Han Dynasty played a very important role in the social, political, economic and other changes of the later Jin Dynasty (Qing), because of its huge number and special status. Therefore, the problem of their fate has been fully concerned under the rule of Nu Zhen society. Nuerhachi and Huangtai capture a total of millions of Han population, female population accounts for a large proportion. The occupation of women had become a habit at that time, and rulers usually gave the captured Han women to junior generals to reward the meritorious officers. So much so that at that time society formed an evil trend of sexual prostitution and the capture of Han women, which affected the social order. As a result, the Manchu and Han nationalities had a very deep contradiction. In order to ease the tense ethnic relations within the Manchu regime, Taizu, Emperor Taizong adopted a national policy of benevolence. In the early days of the succession of Emperor Taiji, the Ming Dynasty completely cut off the intermarket trade with the later Jin Dynasty (Qing Dynasty), and the society of the latter Jin Dynasty lost its basic source of material means of subsistence, and a severe famine broke out in the country. At this time, Emperor Taizong in order to seek another trade channel, will point the spearhead of the nearest neighbor Korea. Through "the Battle of Dingmao" and "the Battle of the third son", the regime of the later Jin Dynasty plundered tens of thousands of Korean people and property, and a large number of captured Korean women were taken to the territory of Houjin (Qing) to carry out human trafficking activities. Emperor Taizu used the captured North Korean population as an important bargaining chip in the mutual trade between the two countries in order to gain political, economic and military support from North Korea. After more than a decade of negotiation on the issue of the redemption of the population, the two countries finally changed from "Ding Mao" "Brotherhood" to "C" and "the righteousness of monarch and minister", and the Qing Dynasty also quickened the pace of taking over the Central Plains.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K249

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