基于物元模型的乌鲁木齐市土地生态安全评价研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 19:30

本文选题：土地生态安全评价 + 物元模型　；参考：《新疆农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地生态安全关系到一个国家或地区的政治、经济及国防等基本社会问题,关乎到人们最基本的生存保障问题,与地区土地的可持续利用紧密相关。现阶段,一系列土地生态安全的问题日驱凸显,对土地生态安全问题的研究具有必要性和紧迫性。乌鲁木齐市是新疆维吾尔自治区的首府,位于欧亚大陆的要地,由于干旱少雨,自然条件的地域性较差,加之一定程度上对土地资源过度开发、粗放经营以及人们的土地资源保护意识相对薄弱等原因,直接致使地区土地植受到破坏,土壤的荒漠化、盐碱化情况日益严重,生态环境安全受到威胁。本文借鉴相关的研究,选择乌鲁木齐市作为研究地区,在对该市环境状况以及土地利用状态分析的基础上,选择对地区土地生态安全有影响的指标,建立土地生态安全评价指标体系,应用物元模型对乌鲁木齐市2003—2012年的土地生态安全进行分析和评价,分析这十年中的土地生态安全变化规律,详细阐释产生动态变化的驱动因素,提出能提高该地区土地资源生态安全向健康、可持续方向发展的建议和政策。本文的研究结果和结论主要有以下几点:一是对乌鲁木齐市2003—2012年间的土地利用动态变化状况进行比较分析,单一的土地利用动态度方面,乌鲁木齐市加大对城市基础设施建设投入,建设用地量增速较快,交通运输用地增速第一,草地面积逐年减少,农用地比重有所降低,应持续优化土地结构。二是以土地生态安全影响因素分析为基础,根据“自然—经济—社会”模型,选择指标,建立物元模型。对单指标分析,大部分指标向着利于生态安全的方向发展,部分指标相对稳定,起伏不大,个别指标长期处于“恶劣级”和“风险级”。三是综合对比通过物元模型所获得的乌鲁木齐市十年来的土地生态安全综合值,土地生态安全状态整体呈上升趋势,仍未达到最佳状态,关联度详细值均位于(-1,0)之间,所显示的状态并不稳定,2003—2007年乌鲁木齐市土地生态安全处于“恶劣级”状态,2008年进入“风险级”状态,2009—2010年到达“敏感级”状态,2011年开始进入“良好级”状态。四是提出合理调整土地布局,推进产业结构优化,成立环境监测系统,开展市民教育,完善法律程序等提高乌鲁木齐市土地生态安全水平的对策和建议。
[Abstract]:The land ecological security is related to the basic social problems such as politics, economy and national defense of a country or region, the most basic survival guarantee problem of people, and the sustainable use of regional land. At present, a series of problems of land ecological security are highlighted day by day, so it is necessary and urgent to study land ecological security. Urumqi is the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region and is located in the important area of Eurasia. Due to drought and little rain, the natural conditions are poor in the region, and to a certain extent the land resources are over-exploited. Extensive management and relatively weak awareness of land resources protection directly lead to the destruction of land planting, desertification of soil, salinization and threats to ecological environment security. Based on the analysis of the environment and land use status of Urumqi city, the paper chooses the indexes which have influence on the land ecological security of Urumqi city, based on the analysis of the environment and the land use status of Urumqi city, based on the analysis of the environment and land use status of Urumqi city. The evaluation index system of land ecological security was established, and the land ecological security of Urumqi city from 2003 to 2012 was analyzed and evaluated by using matter-element model, and the change law of land ecological security in the past decade was analyzed. The driving factors of dynamic change are explained in detail, and some suggestions and policies are put forward to improve the ecological security of land resources in this area in the direction of health and sustainability. The main results and conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the dynamic changes of land use in Urumqi from 2003 to 2012 are compared and analyzed. Urumqi has increased investment in urban infrastructure construction, and the construction land use is increasing rapidly. The traffic and transportation land growth rate is the first, the grassland area is decreasing year by year, and the proportion of agricultural land is decreasing, so the land structure should be continuously optimized. Secondly, based on the analysis of the influencing factors of land ecological security, the matter-element model is established according to the "natural-economic-social" model. For the analysis of single index, most of the indexes develop in favor of ecological security, some of them are relatively stable and have little fluctuation, and some indexes are in "bad grade" and "risk level" for a long time. Third, the comprehensive comparison of the comprehensive values of land ecological security in Urumqi over the past ten years obtained by the matter-element model shows that the overall land ecological security status is on the rise, and it is still not in the best condition, and the detailed values of the correlation degree are all located in the range of -1-0). From 2003 to 2007, the land ecological security in Urumqi was in a "bad" state. In 2008, the state of "risk level" reached the state of "sensitive level" in 2009-2010, and the state of "good level" began to enter in 2011. Fourth, put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the land ecological security level of Urumqi, such as rationally adjusting the land layout, promoting the optimization of the industrial structure, setting up the environmental monitoring system, carrying out citizen education and perfecting the legal procedure.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2;X826

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