罗元鲲《高中本国史》研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 23:35

本文选题：罗元鲲 + 高中本国史　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：罗元鲲先生是我国近现代历史学家、教育家,是青年毛泽东的授业恩师。他一生主要在两个地方教书,一是长沙,二是新化。在他漫长的教学生涯中,不仅编纂了许多教材和教学参考书,还参与中学的创办工作。19世纪末20世纪初,伴随着历史教科书和教育理论的发展,许多学者开始独立编纂教科书。罗元鲲先生依据1932年颁布的高中历史课程标准编写了《高中本国史》。这本书由上海开明书店出版发行,之后多次印刷,广为流传,许多学校将其作为基本教材。研究罗元鲲《高中本国史》等20世纪二、三十年代的中学历史教科书,可以鉴往察今,总结经验教训,批判性的继承历史教科书的优点,可为当代中学历史教科书的发展提供参考,使中学厉史教科书编写得更好。罗元鲲《高中本国史》采用通史体例,按时间顺序讲授历史,并依据新课程标准,将本国史分上古史、中古史、近世史和现代史四个部分,每一部分下划分不同的章节。对于每一节的具体内容,本书也做了细节处理,例如用大小字来区别学习深度,用符号表示学习重点,使之尽可能符合学生的学习程度。在内容上,本书完全依照课程标准编写,将侧重点放在了民族的产生与发展,各个时代的文化、政治、经济、社会的变迁,近代以来外交失败以及条约问题,各个民族在文化上的贡献以及学术思想的演进等。虽完全依据课程标准,但其课文结构的设置却独具创新性,例如插图、注释和习题的设置,每个环节都有其独特之处。本书灵活运用地图表示历史过程,用图表解释复杂的关系,用注释加深教学内容的延展,用习题巩固所学的知识,提高学生的能力。一本教材不可能面面俱到,肯定有其优点与局限性,罗元鲲《高中本国史》亦是如此。本书的概念非常明确,摆脱了枯燥乏味,力求用新颖的知识引起学生的好奇心与学习的兴趣。不仅如此,还利用辅助文开拓学生的知识面,并结合当时的社会状况,教授时代性内容,升华学生的情感态度与价值观。由于成书于20世纪30年代,在今天看来,本书也具有一定的局限性。就内容而言,文言文气息还很浓厚,不利于学生的阅读;课后问题设置多而繁,形式单一化;史观不够全面,有的地方过于偏激;特定的历史背景对本书的内容也有一定的限制。深入研究罗元鲲《高中本国史》,至少可以给提供如下借鉴和启示:教科书的内容选材除了要符合课程标准,还要与时俱进,紧跟时代的发展;还应关注学术发展前沿,不断吸取新的研究成果。
[Abstract]:Mr. Luo Yuankun is a historian and educator of modern China and a teacher of youth Mao Zedong. He taught in two places throughout his life, Changsha and Xinhua. In his long teaching career, he not only compiled many textbooks and teaching reference books, but also participated in the establishment of middle schools. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, with the development of history textbooks and educational theories, many scholars began to compile textbooks independently. According to the 1932 high school history curriculum standards, Mr. Luo Yuankun compiled the History of Senior High School. The book was published and distributed by Shanghai's enlightened bookstore, which has been widely printed and used by many schools as a basic textbook. To study the history textbooks of middle schools in the 1920s and 1930s, such as Luo Yuankun's History of Senior High School, can learn from the present, sum up experience and lessons, and critically inherit the advantages of history textbooks. It can provide reference for the development of contemporary middle school history textbooks and make them better compiled. According to the new curriculum standard, the history of our country is divided into four parts: the ancient history, the middle ancient history, the modern history and the modern history. Each part is divided into different chapters. For the specific content of each section, this book also makes the detail processing, for example, uses the size word to distinguish the study depth, uses the symbol to express the study key, makes it as far as possible conforms to the student's study degree. In terms of content, the book was written in accordance with the curriculum standards, focusing on the emergence and development of the nation, the cultural, political, economic and social changes of each era, diplomatic failures since modern times, and treaty issues. The cultural contributions of various nationalities and the evolution of academic thought. Although it is completely based on the curriculum standard, the structure of the text is unique and innovative, such as illustrations, notes and exercises, each of which has its own unique features. The book flexibly uses maps to represent historical processes, charts to explain complex relationships, notes to deepen the extension of teaching content, exercises to consolidate the knowledge learned, and to improve students' ability. A textbook can not be comprehensive, there must be its advantages and limitations, Luo YuanKun High School National History is the same. The concept of this book is very clear, get rid of boring, try to use new knowledge to arouse students' curiosity and interest in learning. Not only that, but also the use of auxiliary text to open up the knowledge of students, and combined with the social situation at that time, teaching the content of the times, sublimation of the students' emotional attitudes and values. Since it was written in the 1930 s, it also has some limitations today. As far as content is concerned, classical Chinese is still very strong, which is not conducive to students' reading; after class, the problems are set up more and more, the form is single, the historical view is not comprehensive enough, some places are too extreme; Specific historical backgrounds also have certain limitations on the content of the book. An in-depth study of Luo Yuankun's "History of Senior High School" can at least provide the following lessons and revelations: in addition to meeting the curriculum standards, the contents of the textbook should also keep pace with the times and keep up with the development of the times; they should also pay close attention to the frontier of academic development. Continue to absorb new research results.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.51

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