论渔船燃油补贴的强制执行

发布时间：2018-04-30 06:52

本文选题：渔船燃油补贴 + 行政补贴　；参考：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：渔船燃油补贴政策是国务院2006年决定对使用机动渔船从事捕捞和养殖生产的渔民和渔业企业制定的一项惠及上千万渔民的阳光政策。这一惠渔政策实施8年来,取得了良好的社会效果的同时,也为海事法院强制执行船员劳务合同纠纷和海上人身损害赔偿纠纷案件提供了便利。但在实践中,由于对渔船燃油补贴的性质尚没有定论,对其是否可执行以及如何执行缺乏统一标准,以至于在对渔船燃油补贴的强制执行过程中出现了诸多问题。本文即对这些问题加以了探讨。本文主要包括四部分内容：第一部分简要介绍渔船燃油补概述,渔船燃油补贴系政策性产物,其产生的时间比较晚,背景也比较特殊,随着国际油价的变动而存亡,虽然未来有不确定性,但其存在必然有其价值,本文从司法角度来认识和分析渔船燃油补贴,对燃油补贴相关政策简要介绍,为下文对渔船燃油补贴的性质分析提供帮助；第二部分主要详细分析渔船燃油补贴的法律性质,渔船燃油补贴属于我国农业补贴的一种,农业补贴存在有其特定的政治、经济背景,农业补贴的性质是通过财政资金的无偿补助而进行的一种再分配形式,是国家的一种行政行为,即行政补贴。目前,我国没有一部很系统的行政补贴方面的法律,对行政补贴的性质尚存在争议,这也是本文论述的中心,通过对补贴性质的法律分析,来解答司法实践中遇到的困境；第三部分,本文主要介绍渔船燃油补贴对现阶段法院强制执行的影响,并通过案例来讲述在强制执行过程中遇到的司法困境,造成困境的原因一方面来自于政府职能部门对渔船燃油补贴性质的曲解,以至于不愿意配合法院执行工作,另一方面来自于渔民或渔业企业对渔船管理和交易上的误解；第四部分主要对法院强制执行燃油补贴时遇到的问题进行分析,论述了渔业管理部门对法院强制执行燃油补贴必须协助,有争议的渔船燃油补贴应如何强制执行,包括在轮候查封和雇主与船主不一致两种情况下通过对渔船燃油补贴的强制执行来实现船员享有的船舶优先权；为更好保护船员利益,提出针对燃油补贴的保全和执行全部由海事法院专属管辖的建议。
[Abstract]:The fuel subsidy policy for fishing vessels is a sunshine policy decided by the State Council in 2006 to benefit tens of millions of fishermen who use motorized fishing boats for fishing and aquaculture. In the past 8 years, this policy has achieved good social effects, and has also provided convenience for maritime courts in enforcing disputes over crew labor contracts and disputes over compensation for personal injury at sea. But in practice, because the nature of fuel subsidy to fishing vessel is still uncertain, whether it can be implemented and how to enforce it is lack of uniform standard, so there are many problems in the enforcement process of fuel subsidy for fishing vessel. This paper discusses these problems. This paper mainly includes four parts: the first part briefly introduces the overview of fuel supplement of fishing vessel. The fuel subsidy of fishing vessel is a policy product, which comes into being later and has a special background. It survives with the change of international oil price. Although there is uncertainty in the future, its existence is bound to have its value. This paper analyzes the fuel subsidy of fishing vessels from the judicial point of view, briefly introduces the related policies of fuel subsidies, and provides help for the analysis of the nature of fuel subsidies for fishing vessels. The second part mainly analyzes the legal nature of fishing vessel fuel subsidy in detail. Fishing vessel fuel subsidy is a kind of agricultural subsidy in China. Agricultural subsidy has its specific political and economic background. The nature of agricultural subsidy is a form of redistribution through the free subsidy of financial funds, which is an administrative act of the state, namely administrative subsidy. At present, our country does not have a very systematic administrative subsidy law, the nature of the administrative subsidy is still controversial, this is the center of this article, through the legal analysis of the nature of subsidies, to solve the difficulties encountered in judicial practice; In the third part, this paper mainly introduces the impact of fishing vessel fuel subsidy on the enforcement of the court at this stage, and describes the judicial difficulties encountered in the process of enforcement through a case study. On the one hand, the reasons for the difficulties come from the misinterpretation of the nature of fuel subsidies of fishing vessels by government departments, so that they are not willing to cooperate with the courts to carry out their work, on the other hand, the misunderstanding about the management and trading of fishing vessels by fishermen or fishing enterprises; The fourth part mainly analyzes the problems encountered in the enforcement of fuel subsidy by the court, and discusses how the fishery management department must assist the court to enforce the fuel subsidy, and how to enforce the fuel subsidy for the disputed fishing vessel. Including the realization of maritime liens enjoyed by crew through enforcement of fuel subsidies for fishing vessels in the case of waiting lists and inconsistencies between employers and ship owners; and in order to better protect the interests of crew members, It is proposed that the preservation and enforcement of fuel subsidies shall be exclusively under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Maritime Court.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.4

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