《官场现形记》委婉语研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 07:28

本文选题：委婉语 + 构成　；参考：《山西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：《官场现形记》以其独特的笔法抨击了晚清腐朽社会制度，反映了晚清特殊的政治经济文化状况。小说语言中委婉语的运用极其出彩，不断和主题呼应。本论文将李伯元先生《官场现形记》作为研究对象，结合语用学、社会语言学、委婉语等理论，利用前期搜集整理获得的大量材料，通过定性和定量、归纳演绎的方法，从语义分类、构成、语用功能、文化意蕴四个方面入手对小说中委婉语作了整体描绘和说明，从而探究晚清时期委婉语的使用特点，以期进一步完善现有委婉语发展体系。语义分类方面，，将委婉语分为敬谦类、金钱利益类、死亡疾病类、政治社交类、社会习俗类五大类委婉语。其中将敬谦类委婉语划分为表敬类和表谦类两大类，前者有表谦称谓词构成委婉语、其他表谦词构成委婉语，后者有表敬称谓词构成委婉语、其他表敬词构成委婉语。构成方式方面，主要归纳出语音、词汇语义、语法、修辞四种构成委婉语的方式。语音方面有谐音；词汇语义方面有模糊词语、语义扬升和减弱、同义词语、俗语四种构造方式；语法方面有反问、否定式“不+~”、双重否定、副词和语气词、语篇等构造方式；修辞方面有夸张、借代、反语、双关、用典等五种手段。从语用和文化意蕴方面，结合Brown和Levinson的“面子”理论和GeoffreyLeech的礼貌原则等理论，总结出委婉语有避讳和避俗、礼貌、掩饰、幽默等语用功能。论文对小说中委婉语映射的价值观念也进行了相关探讨，得出等级尊卑、中庸和谐、宗教理念融入等特点。
[Abstract]:The present form of officialdom criticizes the decadent social system of the late Qing Dynasty with its unique writing method, and reflects the special political, economic and cultural conditions of the late Qing Dynasty. The use of euphemism in the language of fiction is brilliant and constantly echoes the theme. This thesis takes Mr. Li Boyuan's official appearance as the research object, combining with the theories of pragmatics, sociolinguistics, euphemism and so on, using a large amount of materials collected and collated in the earlier period, and inducting and deducing through qualitative and quantitative methods. From four aspects of semantic classification, composition, pragmatic function and cultural implication, the author describes and explains the euphemism in the novel as a whole, so as to explore the characteristics of the use of euphemism in the late Qing Dynasty, with a view to further improving the existing development system of euphemism. In terms of semantic classification, euphemism is divided into five categories: honorific, pecuniary, disease, political and social, and social customs. Among them, there are two categories of euphemism: one is the predicate to form the euphemism, the other is the euphemism, the latter is the euphemism, and the other is the euphemism. In terms of composition, four ways of making euphemism are summed up: phonetics, lexical semantics, grammar and rhetoric. There is homonym in pronunciation; in lexical meaning there are vague words, semantic ascending and weakening, synonyms and colloquial expressions; in grammar, there are counter-questions, negative "no", double negation, adverbs and mood words, There are five kinds of rhetorical means, such as exaggeration, metonymy, irony, puns and allusions. From the aspect of pragmatics and cultural implication, combining Brown's and Levinson's "face" theory and GeoffreyLeech's politeness principle, it concludes that euphemism has pragmatic functions such as avoiding taboo, avoiding vulgarity, politeness, disguise, humor and so on. The thesis also discusses the values of euphemism mapping in the novel, and concludes the characteristics of hierarchy, harmony of mean and religion.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H134

【参考文献】