西藏拉萨河流域水化学时空变化及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 12:45

本文选题：拉萨河 + 水化学　；参考：《天津大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：拉萨河被誉为拉萨人民的“母亲河”,是流域内经济发展的大动脉。西藏自治区首府——拉萨市位于拉萨河下游北岸,是西藏政治、经济和文化中心。作为主要的地表水源之一的拉萨河是流域内主要的生活饮用水、畜牧业、农业和工业用水水源。受人类活动的影响,比如水库建坝、地热开发、矿产开发以及城市生活污水排放,拉萨河环境水化学随时间和地理坐标变化非常“剧烈”。一些对生态环境及人体健康有明显影响的环境污染物,如Cu、Cd、Pb、As等金属离子在河流不同段内含量超标。更加值得注意的是,流域下游矿业开采活动密集的河段内河流表层沉积物中包括Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg等在内的多种重金属离子与中、上游相比含量显著偏高。全面了解和掌握环境压力的变化对水化学可能造成的影响是可持续管理高原丰富水资源的前提条件。本研究范围主要包括拉萨河中下游300km区段内主干流以及该段内的主要支流。依据不同时期的测定数据,分析干流主要离子、主要水体理化参数及主要微量元素的特征与差异;依据沿程调查数据,运用数理统计方法,分析不同河段环境水化学参数的时空差异及主要支流环境水化学对干流的可能影响,阐述不同河段人类活动和地貌、土壤等下垫面条件差异对环境水化学参数的影响;鉴定流域内可能存在的污染源及潜在的主要环境压力;为西藏经济社会的持续、协调发展提供基于水化学的环境变化数据,为未来拉萨河流域的持续开发和流域内丰富自然资源的充分利用提供一定的理论依据和学术参考。
[Abstract]:Lhasa River is known as the "Mother River" of Lhasa people, and it is the artery of economic development in the basin. Lhasa, the capital of Tibet Autonomous region, lies on the north bank of Lhasa River. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Tibet. As one of the main surface water sources, Lhasa River is the main water source for drinking water, animal husbandry, agriculture and industry. Affected by human activities, such as dam building, geothermal exploitation, mineral exploitation and municipal sewage discharge, the environmental hydrochemistry of the Lhasa River changes dramatically with time and geographical coordinates. Some environmental pollutants which have obvious effects on the ecological environment and human health, such as the content of metal ions such as Cu-CdCd-PbAs, are in excess of the standard in different sections of the river. What is more noteworthy is that there are many heavy metal ions in the surface sediments of the river where mining and mining activities are concentrated in the lower reaches of the basin, such as CuPbPbZn ~ (2 +) Hg and so on, which are significantly higher than those in the upper reaches. Understanding and mastering the possible influence of environmental pressure on hydrochemistry is the precondition for sustainable management of water resources in plateau. The scope of this study mainly includes the main stream and the main tributaries in the 300km section of the middle and lower reaches of Lhasa River. According to the measured data of different periods, the characteristics and differences of main ions, main water body physical and chemical parameters and main trace elements in the main stream were analyzed, and the mathematical statistics method was used according to the survey data along the course. The temporal and spatial differences of environmental hydrochemical parameters in different reaches and the possible effects of the main tributaries on the main stream are analyzed. The effects of different underlying conditions such as human activities, geomorphology and soil on the environmental hydrochemical parameters are discussed. To identify possible sources of pollution and potential major environmental pressures in the basin and to provide hydrochemical-based environmental change data for the sustainable and coordinated development of Tibet's economy and society, It provides some theoretical basis and academic reference for the sustainable development of Lhasa River basin and the full utilization of rich natural resources in the basin.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;P342

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