论宪兵制度及其对我国武警体制改革的启示

发布时间：2018-05-12 14:37

本文选题：宪兵 + 宪兵制度　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：宪兵是一种起源于12世纪法国的军事组织,起初以维持军队军纪为主要职责。随着历史发展,法国宪兵逐渐转变为一支以维护社会治安为主要职能的机构,军事化的组织形态使宪兵具有高效、机动、灵活等特点,在法国政局的风云变化中始终保持着很强的制度活力。法国大革命之后,伴随着拿破仑在欧洲的武力征服以及欧洲国家的殖民活动,宪兵制度传播到世界各地,并被诸多国家所借鉴和效仿,法国、俄罗斯、意大利、西班牙、荷兰、罗马尼亚、土耳其、智利等国家的宪兵组织直到今天都是各国重要的武装力量,担负着维护法治、维护社会秩序、巩固国防、反恐救援等重要职能,在各国现代化发展进程中发挥了无法替代的作用。21世纪以来,非传统安全威胁持续增强,宪兵制度面临着新的挑战,也迎来了新的发展机遇期,职能任务多元化、组织指挥集权化、兵力部署综合化、履职行为经常化、发展模式多样化,成为宪兵制度新的时代特点。在20世纪初的中国,伴随着政治格局的变化,中国的宪兵制度起初由清政府西学创立,继而被国民政府发展为特务机构,最终被新中国废除。所以,长期以来,宪兵在中国学者和百姓眼中的形象仍然是反动的“走狗”、是姓“资”的东西。80年代,为了为改革开放营造一个稳定的社会秩序,更好的服务于经济建设和人民安居乐业,中国人民武装警察部队正式组建,担负执勤、维稳、反恐、救援、支援经济建设等任务。一方面,作为一支执行党的政治任务的武装集团,武警体制是中国特色社会主义政治制度的产物,与西方国家的宪兵制度有着本质上的差别;另一方面,武警体制和宪兵制度却都建立在军事化的基础上、都以对内任务为主要职责、都是反恐和救援的一线主力,在非传统安全威胁持续增强的今天,武警和宪兵所面临的机遇和挑战也是相似的。如今,我国的政治经济体制改革进入深水区,军队体制同样面临大幅度调整。科学推进武警部队现代化建设,要求我们用更加客观和理性的视角看待起源于西方国家的宪兵制度。在坚持党的领导和全心全意为人民服务的宗旨下,选择性吸收和借鉴西方发达国家宪兵制度中有关警官职业化、特种力量建设、宪兵教育、国际交流等方面的先进经验,与时俱进的推进武警部队发展。
[Abstract]:The Gendarmerie is a military organization that originated in the 12 th century France, initially with the maintenance of military discipline as its primary responsibility. With the development of history, the French gendarmerie gradually turned into an organization whose main function was to maintain public order. The militarized organization made the gendarmerie highly efficient, mobile and flexible. In the French political situation changes have always maintained a strong institutional vitality. After the French Revolution, with Napoleon's military conquest in Europe and the colonization of European countries, the gendarmerie system spread all over the world and was imitated by many countries, France, Russia, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, France, Russia, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, The gendarmerie organizations in Romania, Turkey, Chile and other countries are, to this day, important armed forces of various countries. They are responsible for maintaining the rule of law, maintaining social order, consolidating national defense, and countering terrorism and rescue, and so on. Since the 21st century, non-traditional security threats have continued to increase, the gendarmerie system is facing new challenges, and has ushered in a new period of development opportunities, with diversified functions and tasks. The centralization of organization and command, the comprehensive deployment of military forces, the regular performance of duties and the diversification of development patterns have become the new characteristics of the gendarmerie system. In China at the beginning of the 20th century, with the change of political structure, the gendarmerie system of China was first established by the Qing government, then developed into a secret service by the National Government, and finally abolished by the people's Republic of China. Therefore, for a long time, the image of the gendarmerie in the eyes of Chinese scholars and the common people was still a reactionary "running dog", something surnamed "capital". In the 1980s, in order to create a stable social order for reform and opening up, To better serve economic construction and people living and working in peace and contentment, the Chinese people's Armed Police Force has been formally set up to take on duty, maintain stability, fight terrorism, rescue, and support economic construction. On the one hand, as an armed group carrying out the party's political tasks, the armed police system is the product of the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics, which is essentially different from the gendarmerie system in western countries; on the other hand, However, the armed police system and the gendarmerie system are both based on militarization, with internal tasks as their main responsibilities, as well as the main force of counter-terrorism and rescue. Today, when non-traditional security threats continue to increase, The opportunities and challenges faced by the armed police and the gendarmerie are similar. Now, our country's political and economic system reform enters the deep water area, the army system also faces the massive adjustment. To advance the modernization of armed police forces scientifically requires us to look at the gendarmerie system originated in western countries from a more objective and rational perspective. Under the aim of adhering to the Party's leadership and wholeheartedly serving the people, we should selectively absorb and learn from the advanced experience of the military police system in developed western countries in the fields of professionalization of police officers, construction of special forces, gendarmerie education, international exchanges, and so on. Advance with the times to promote the development of the Armed Police Force.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：E277

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