认同与冲突：民国时期云南彝汉关系研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 05:12

本文选题：民国时期 + 云南　；参考：《云南大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：上个世纪五十年代中国的民族识别,“归并”、“整合”了“彝族”这一族体,赋予这一族体新的政治意义和文化意义。而在此之前的彝族,历史上一直是与华夏相对的“蛮夷”,在与汉族共生共存共同发展的历史过程中,又始终交织着隔阂、冲突与矛盾。民国时期是中国社会的重要转型时期,在制度变迁和边疆危机的背景下,汉族与彝族作为云南人口最多、最具张力的二个关系主体,在政治、经济、文化方面产生了更多的互动,从而使彝汉关系的发展,在沿袭历史发展轨迹的同时,又反映出诸多时代特征。对民国时期彝汉关系进行考察,研究民族国家意识形态之下、彝族的自我认知以及彝汉之间的认同与互动,是一个有学术价值和现实意义的探索。本文首先对民国时期云南倮Q8等族群的文化和社会发展状况进行梳理,之后,回顾了清中期改土归流以来云南彝汉关系的基本发展态势,通过对“汉区”与“夷区”、“汉官”与“夷民”、“文明”与“野蛮”三组关系形态的研究,分析彝汉之间政治、经济、文化的差异性,揭示民国时期影响民族时期彝汉关系的历史性因素。政府治理下彝汉关系的发展是本文的研究重点。民国时期云南彝族统治集团的民族政策是考察这一时期彝汉关系不可忽略的问题。作为民国云南具有民族身份的执政者,龙云自身所体现出的多重民族认同,使得他的民族治理,在民族与国家、夷与汉之间出现一些微妙的转换。本文揭示了其领导下云南省政府在民族策略和民族措施方面的基本内容和特殊性表现,以及对彝汉关系的影响。二十世纪上半叶中国所展开的打造“中华民族”共同体的实践,是对中国民族关系一次重大的整合,也是影响彝汉关系发展的重要因素。尽管在国家视野下保Q8等族群并不具备明确的民族身份,但在“中华民族”共同体的构建中,一定程度上还是强化了民族意识,增强了国家观念。国民政府旨在消除异质性要素、强调同质性、整体性的民族整合,是以改土归流、治理夷患、民族同化一系列的措施来完成,虽然不可避免地遭遇了历史的、民族的阻力,但对夷汉之间的民族融合与认同还是产生了一定的推动力。 “夷患”问题的存在是民国时期彝汉关系的一种特殊形态。对于这一问题的理解,如果仅从治策上解读,并没有给出问题的所有答案。民族认同与民族关系的生成息息相关,特别是民族认同被作为一种应对外族压力、参与利益与资源竞争的工具时,这种影响更为明显。所以,民国时期云南“夷患”问题的存在,是治策与民族合力的结果。总之,民国时期云南的彝汉关系,既有历史的痕迹,又有时代的特征,既有渐进的认同与融合,又有剧烈的冲突与对抗,反映出社会变迁时期民族关系的多种内容和表现方式。地方政府立足实际的民族治理与中央政府着眼宏观的民族整合,引发了民族的回应与参与,客观上完成了对彝汉关系的一些调整。当然,理论的缺陷和制度上的不平等,也注定夷汉矛盾会是一个积患难消的问题。
[Abstract]:In the 50s of last century, China's national recognition, "merging", "integrating" the "Yi" group, gave the ethnic group a new political and cultural significance. Before this, the Yi people have always been the "barbarians" relative to the Chinese. In the historical process of coexistence and co development with the Han people, the Yi nationality has always been interwoven with the Han nationality. Estrangement, conflict and contradiction. The period of the Republic of China was an important period of transformation of Chinese society. In the context of institutional change and frontier crisis, the Han and Yi people were the two most populous and most tension relations subjects in Yunnan, which had produced more interaction in the political, economic and cultural aspects, so that the relationship between the Yi and the Han was developed and followed the historical development track. At the same time, it also reflects the characteristics of many times. It is an exploration of academic value and practical significance to investigate the Yi and Han relations in the period of the Republic of China and to study the self cognition of the Yi people and the identity and interaction between the Yi and the Han.
This paper first reviews the cultural and social development status of the ethnic group Q8 and other ethnic groups in Yunnan during the period of the Republic of China, and then reviews the basic development trend of the relationship between the Yi and Han Dynasties in Yunnan since the middle of the Qing Dynasty, and the analysis of the relationship between the three groups of relations between the "Han District" and "Yi District", "Han Guan" and "Yi people", "Wen Ming" and "barbarism". The political, economic and cultural differences between Yi and Han reveal the historical factors affecting the Yi Han relationship in the period of the Republic of China.
The development of the Yi and Han relations under government governance is the focus of this article. The national policy of the Yi ruling group in Yunnan during the Republic of China is a problem that can not be ignored in this period. As the ruling person of the national identity of the Republic of the Republic of Yunnan, the multiple Ethnic Identity Embodied in the dragon cloud itself makes his national governance, in the nation and in the nation. There are some subtle changes between the state, the Yi and the Han. This article reveals the basic content and special performance of the Yunnan provincial government under the leadership of the national and national measures, as well as the influence on the relationship between the Yi and the Han.
The practice of building the "Chinese nation" community in the first half of the twentieth Century is a major integration of Chinese ethnic relations and an important factor affecting the development of the relationship between the Yi and the Han. Although the ethnic groups, such as Q8, do not have a clear national identity under the national vision, they must be built in the construction of the "Chinese nation" community. To the extent, the national consciousness is strengthened and the national concept is strengthened. The national government aims to eliminate the elements of heterogeneity, emphasize homogeneity and integrate the national integration, which is completed by a series of measures to change soil and return to flow, control the disaster and national assimilation, although inevitably encountered the historical and national resistance, but the ethnic fusion between the Chinese and the Han people. Harmony and identification still produce a certain impetus.
The existence of the problem of "razed" is a special form of the relationship between the Yi and Han in the period of the Republic of China. The understanding of this question, if only from the policy of treatment, does not give all the answers to the problem. The national identity is closely related to the formation of the national relationship, especially the national identity is taken as a kind of coping with the pressure of the foreign nationality and participating in the competition of interests and resources. This effect is more obvious when the tools of competition are in dispute. Therefore, the existence of "Yi" problem in Yunnan during the period of the Republic of China is the result of the combination of policies and national efforts.
In the period of the Republic of China, the Yi and Han relations in Yunnan during the Republic of China had both the historical traces and the characteristics of the times. There were gradual identification and integration, and violent conflicts and confrontation, reflecting the various contents and ways of expression of ethnic relations in the period of social change. The local government based on the actual national governance and the central government to integrate the macro national integration, The response and participation of the nation, objectively completed some adjustments to the relationship between the Yi and the Han, of course, the defects of the theory and the inequality in the system, also doomed the contradictions between the Yi and the Han people will be a difficult problem.

【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D693.72

【参考文献】