俄罗斯加入世界贸易组织相关问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 22:31

本文选题：俄罗斯 + 世界贸易组织　；参考：《东北财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：二十一世纪,人类进入了全球化时代,全球化时代最典型的特点是各种生产要素或资源在世界范围内自由流动以实现生产要素或资源在世界范围内的最优配置。面对全球化大潮带来的冲击与挑战,不同类型的国家都从不同角度出发、根据本国的实际国情采取措施,迎接全球化、融入全球化,力争最大可能的降低全球化带来的冲击和挑战、分享全球化带来的利益。世界贸易组织作为全球最大的多边贸易组织,只有加入其中才能更好地融”入世”界经济全球化的浪潮。 2012年8月22日,俄罗斯终于正式成为世界贸易组织的一员。俄罗斯加入WTO的进程很长,延长19年以上。为了”入世”俄罗斯进行了多年不懈的努力,虽然”入世”的过程充满了艰难和曲折,但现在可以说已经曙光在即,特别是俄罗斯已经与美国达成双边谈判,这对俄罗斯加快”入世”进程起着至关重要的作用。俄罗斯”入世”有利于世界多边贸易体制的完善,WTO需要俄罗斯,只有俄罗斯加入WTO,WTO才算真正的完整,从而能够在世界范围内发挥更重要的作用,也能够更好的应对世界范围内的贸易问题。俄罗斯更需要WTO,”入世”对俄罗斯是一个机遇也是一个挑战,”入世”后俄罗斯可以获得平等的国际市场地位,更加有利于参与国际市场竞争,扩大出口；其次可以利用WTO争端解决机制解决贸易争端问题保护本国利益,并且参与WTO规则的制定；”入世”还可以帮助俄罗斯进行国内改革,并提高国内企业的竞争力。当然”入世”也会给俄罗斯带来冲击,首先是对国内市场的冲击,其次是对本国经济体制的冲击,还有就是国内法律法规的影响。尽管如此,俄罗斯已经表现出现着的勇气,加入WTO的承诺和努力。作为WTO的成员国,俄罗斯肯定会利用这个机会更好广泛挑战,提高国家的经济体系的竞争力,并成功进入全球市场为了改善俄罗斯人民的福利。本文针对俄罗斯如何加入WTO,从四个方面进行论述：首先是俄罗斯”入世”进程回顾,主要包括1992年至1999年俄罗斯加入WTO的历程回顾和普京时期俄罗斯”入世”历程回顾,其次是俄罗斯“入世”的主要条件及义务还有俄罗斯加入WTO所赞成与反对。第二部分主要分析了俄罗斯”入世”谈判过程中所坚持的立场观点及遇到的问题。俄罗斯”入世”过程中必须坚持以国家利益不受侵害为原则,最大限度的保护国内经济。所遇到的障碍主要有,关税问题、农业补贴问题、开放服务业问题、法律制度接轨问题和投资环境问题。这些问题都是阻碍俄罗斯”入世”过程中的主要障碍,因为解决这些问题,俄罗斯才加入了WTO。第三部分是阐述俄罗斯“入世”与大国关系,包括俄罗斯加入WTO对中俄两国合作发展的影响和俄罗斯加入WTO与中,俄,美的关系。最后一部分研究俄罗斯的后WTO新时代,包括俄罗斯成功“入世”后的工作总结,对国家的优势与遇到的问题和俄罗斯加入WTO以后的可能前景。本文的创新之处首先在于本文大部分资料是俄文著名政治和经济学家难以获得文献,这一点让本文更详细地涵盖主题并提供更丰富的信息和数据。其次,本文阐述俄罗斯“入世”与大国内主要政治经济关系,仔细分析借鉴大国成功“入世”的经验,这些关系给俄罗斯成为WTO的新成员带来什么优势。在研究深度和广度上,本文也存在不足之处：由于俄罗斯刚加入了WTO不到一年,本文的新资料有限,个别方面没有具体数据和图表加以辅助说明或者数据有些陈旧。这些都有待于在今后的研究中加以改进。
[Abstract]:In the twenty-first Century, human beings entered the era of globalization. The most typical feature of the era of globalization is the free flow of various production factors or resources around the world to realize the optimal allocation of production factors or resources in the world. Facing the impact and challenges of the tide of globalization, different types of countries are starting from different angles. The world trade organization, as the largest multilateral trade organization in the world, can better melt the tide of economic globalization of the WTO as the world's largest multilateral trade organization, according to its actual national conditions, to meet the globalization, and to strive for the greatest possible reduction of the impact and challenges brought by globalization.
In August 22, 2012, Russia finally became a member of the world trade organization. Russia joined the WTO for a long process and extended it for more than 19 years. In order to "enter WTO", Russia has made unremitting efforts for many years. Although the process of "entry into WTO" is full of difficulties and twists and turns, it is now possible to say that the dawn of Russia is already in sight, especially in Russia. The United States has reached bilateral negotiations, which plays a vital role in speeding up the process of "entering the WTO". Russia's entry into WTO is beneficial to the improvement of the multilateral trading system in the world. WTO needs Russia, and only Russia joins the WTO. WTO is a real integrity, so that it can play a more important role in the world and can be better. To deal with the trade problems in the world, Russia needs WTO more. "Entry into WTO" is an opportunity for Russia as well as a challenge. After entering WTO, Russia can gain an equal international market position, is more conducive to participating in international market competition and expanding export; secondly, it can solve the problem of trade disputes by using the dispute settlement mechanism of WTO. To protect the national interests and to participate in the formulation of the WTO rules; "entry into WTO" can also help Russia to carry out domestic reform and improve the competitiveness of domestic enterprises. Of course, "WTO entry" will also bring impact on Russia, first of all, the impact on the domestic market, the second is the impact on the national economic system, and the domestic laws and regulations. In spite of this, Russia has shown the courage to join WTO's commitment and efforts. As a member of the WTO, Russia will certainly take advantage of this opportunity to make a wider challenge, improve the competitiveness of the country's economic system and successfully enter the global market in order to improve the welfare of the Russian people.
This article discusses how Russia joins WTO from four aspects: first, the review of the process of Russia's entry into WTO, including the review of the course of Russia's accession to WTO from 1992 to 1999 and the retrospect of Russia's "entry into the WTO" during the Putin period, followed by the main conditions and obligations of Russia 's "entry into WTO" and Russia's accession to the WTO The second part mainly analyzes the standpoint and the problems encountered in the negotiation process of Russia's entry into WTO. In the course of Russia's entry into WTO, we must adhere to the principle that the national interests are not infringed on, and protect the domestic economy to the maximum extent. The obstacles encountered are, tariff and agricultural subsidies. The problems of the open service industry, the legal system and the investment environment are the main obstacles in the process of Russia's entry into the WTO. Because of these problems, Russia has joined the third part of WTO. to explain the relationship between Russia's "WTO entry" and the great powers, including Russia's accession to WTO for the cooperation between China and Russia. The influence of Russia and Russia's accession to the WTO, Russia and the United States. The last part of the study of Russia's post WTO new era, including Russia's successful "entry into the WTO" work summary, the advantages of the country and the problems encountered and the possible prospects after Russia's accession to the WTO.
The innovation of this article is that most of the information of this article is difficult to obtain the literature of the famous Russian politics and economists. This makes this article more detailed cover the theme and provide more abundant information and data. Secondly, this article expounds the Russian "entry into the WTO" and the major domestic economic relations in large countries, carefully analyzing and drawing on the success of the great powers. " The experience of joining the WTO, what advantages do these relations bring to Russia's becoming a new member of WTO?
In the depth and breadth of the study, there are also shortcomings in this article: since Russia has just joined the WTO for less than a year, the new information of this article is limited, there are no specific data and diagrams to assist the explanation, or some of the data are obsolete. These need to be improved in future research.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F743.1;F755.12

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