当下中国社会阶层结构及阶层弥合政策分析

发布时间：2018-05-23 19:23

本文选题：阶层 + 阶层分化　；参考：《四川省社会科学院》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着中国政治经济体制改革的深入、产业结构的调整、对外开放的扩大、收入分配政策的变革，在政府和市场的双重作用力之下，中国社会的阶层结构发生了巨大的变化，社会阶层结构变得更加复杂、多元。大量学者对中国社会阶层结构问题进行了比较深入的研究。笔者在诸多研究的基础上，运用具有全国代表性的抽样调查数据，对当下社会阶层结构进行了再次梳理，发现我国社会阶层结构总体上已呈现“丁”字型的“断裂”结构，即从资源的占有上，呈现出“丁”字型结构，上层阶层占有绝对数量优势的政治、经济、文化资源；在阶层结构的人口分布上，呈现典型的倒“丁”字型的结构，即绝大多数人处在社会的中下层。在阶层结构的具体特征方面主要呈现出：“结构化”、“再生产”、“碎片化”等趋势，且并没有形成我们所期望的一个不断壮大、负责任的中产阶层。这样的阶层结构面貌在一定程度上降低了整个社会的政治信任感、政治认同感、政治归属感，引发了中低收入群体心理失衡、富裕阶层的集体“无安全感”、不同阶层的教育失衡，并加剧了阶层固化，也一定程度上加深了民族矛盾，同时，阶层之间和阶层内部的多元由于缺乏正确、有效充分、负责任的沟通，也进一步加深了普遍的社会隔膜。基于上述认识，笔者认为应当着力促进中国社会的阶层弥合。笔者从产业结构、城市化、教育、中间阶层、收入分配、社会沟通、党建等八个与社会阶层分化相关的具体政策进行了评估、建议。笔者认为，在当下我们应当在关注公平的同时，坚持对效率的重视，大力发展生产力，，为阶层结构的调整、阶层的进一步融合提供现实的经济基础；进一步优化产业结构与就业结构，实现对阶层结构的调整；大力推动城市化进程，打破城乡二元结构，促进统一的劳动力市场、社会保障体系的形成，让城市化直接推动农村社区中低阶层的崛起，着力解决阶层结构的城乡二元问题，同时促进农业规模化、产业化经营，促进农村社会经济的全面发展；加大教育投入，引入先进的教育扶持政策，着力解决起点平等的问题，通过教育促进中间阶层的发展壮大，同时促进和谐的阶层沟通氛围的形成；坚持社会主义市场经济的体制，建立市场经济平等、公正的刚性制度，政治上宽柔并济，扩大中间阶层的数量和质量；经济资源是阶层分化的重要指标之一，深化收入分配改革力度，建立初次分配的制度规范，加大力度实现二次分配的良性调控，建立三次分配的制度支持体系，实现收入分配的公正、合理，建立积极正义的阶层分化体系，缓解阶层间由于分配体系不合理导致的矛盾；建立广泛的社会沟通体系，发挥人大、政协、政党在沟通方面的纽带作用，完善非官方的社会沟通系统，促进阶层之间和阶层内部的良性沟通；从思想、能力等方面加强党的自身建设，摆正社会主义事业领导核心的正确位置，做好阶层利益协调、公正裁判的工作，为实现阶层结构调整注入强有力的“国家正能量”，促进阶层融合，促进经济社会的长期发展。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the reform of China's political and economic system, the adjustment of industrial structure, the expansion of opening to the outside world, the change of income distribution policy, the stratum structure of Chinese society has changed greatly under the dual forces of the government and the market, and the structure of social stratum has become more complex and pluralistic. A large number of scholars have asked about the structure of social stratum in China. On the basis of many studies, the author uses the national representative sampling survey data to sort out the current social stratum structure, and finds that the social stratum structure in our country has shown "Ding" type "break" structure in general, that is, from the possession of resources, the word "Ding" is presented. The upper stratum occupies an absolute number of political, economic and cultural resources. In the population distribution of the stratum structure, it presents a typical inverted "Ding" type structure, that is, most people are in the middle and lower strata of the society. The main features of the stratum structure are "structurization", "reproduction" and "fragmentation". The trend has not formed a growing and responsible middle class we expect. This class structure reduces the political trust, political identity and political sense of belonging of the whole society to a certain extent, triggering the psychological balance of the middle and low income groups, the collective "insecurity" of the rich class, and the different classes. The unbalance of education has intensified the solidification of the class and deepened the ethnic contradiction to a certain extent. At the same time, the lack of correct, effective and responsible communication between the strata and the stratum has deepened the general social separation.
Based on the above understanding, the author believes that we should focus on the promotion of social stratum in China. The author makes an assessment of eight specific policies related to social stratum differentiation, such as industrial structure, urbanization, education, middle class, income distribution, social communication, and Party building. The writer believes that at the moment, we should pay attention to fairness at the same time. We should attach importance to efficiency, vigorously develop the productive forces, provide a realistic economic basis for the adjustment of stratum structure and the further integration of stratum, further optimize the industrial structure and employment structure, realize the adjustment of the stratum structure, promote the process of urbanization, break the two yuan structure of urban and rural areas, promote the unified labor market and social security body. The formation of the system makes urbanization directly promote the rise of the middle and low strata of the rural community, focus on solving the two yuan problem of urban and rural areas, and promote the scale of agriculture, industrial management, and promote the overall development of the rural social economy; increase the investment in education, introduce advanced educational support policies, and focus on solving the problem of equality of the starting point, through teaching. To promote the development and expansion of the middle class, and to promote the formation of a harmonious atmosphere of communication, the system of socialist market economy, the establishment of an equal and impartial and rigid system of market economy, the broad and flexible politics, the expansion of the quantity and quality of the middle stratum; the economic resources are one of the important indicators of stratum differentiation, and the income is deepened. The distribution reform, the establishment of the system standard for the initial distribution, the strengthening of the positive control of the two distribution, the establishment of the system supporting the three distribution, the realization of the fair and reasonable income distribution, the establishment of a positive and just class differentiation system, and the relief of the contradictions caused by the unreasonable distribution system between the strata; and the establishment of a wide social ditch. Through the link of the people's Congress, the Political Consultative Conference and the political party in communication, we should improve the non official social communication system, promote the benign communication between the stratum and the stratum, strengthen the party's self construction from the aspects of thought and ability, correct the correct position of the core of the leadership of the socialist cause, and do well the coordination of the interests of the stratum and the fair referee Work to inject strong "positive national energy" into the adjustment of class structure, promote social integration and promote long-term economic and social development.
【学位授予单位】：四川省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D663

【参考文献】